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Feudalism and Manorialism - Coggle Diagram
Feudalism and Manorialism
A New Social Order: Feudalism
Feudalism Structures Society
Worst invaders attacks from 850 to 950
Alliances
Kingdoms made deals with eachother
Rollo and Charles the Simple
Charles gave Rollo a large piece of land in exchange for loyalty
Feudal System based on rights and obligations
Landowners were called Lords
Land they owned called a fief
Person receiving land is called a vassal
In what way might a Lord also be a Vassal?
A Lord is someone who already has land, and a Vassal is someone who is gaining land, therefore a person who already has land can gain more and they are both a Lord and a Vassal.
Feudalism depended on the control of land
The Feudal Pyramid
The Feudal Society was like a pyramid
At the top were the Kings
Next, the Vassals with the most power
Below the Vassals were the Knights
At the bottom were the peasents
Landless, and worked in the feilds
Rode horses and pledged to defend their Lord's land in exchange for feifs
Such as Bishops and Nobles
Authority
Social Classes Are Well Defined
Status determined a persons power and prestige
Writers classified people into three groups
Those who fought
Knights and Nobles
Those who prayed
Men and women of the Church
Those who worked
Peasents
Medieval Writers
Majority of people were peasents
Most peasants were Serfs
Could not leave the place they were born
Not slaves, they could not be bought or sold
Anything produced by their labor belonged to their Lords
(
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Middle_Ages#:~:text=Barley%20and%20wheat%20were%20the,were%20used%20as%20draft%20animals
.)
How did feudalism compare to the Aryan Caste System?
Both forms of government were split into pyramid type groups with the kings and ruler at the top, and the peasants and laborers at the bottom
Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
New Tools For Farmers
Manor life was rather simple and people little needed to think for themselves.
The innovation of farming utilities kept original thinking alive in manor life.
People invented horseshoes and a new type of saddle, as well as the pitchfork.
A Self Contained World
Manors typically only covered a few square miles. They were composed of shops, a church, and the lord's manor house. Fields and woodland surrounded the village.
Manors usually had around 15 - 30 families residing there.
Manors were typically self sufficient.
They produced nearly all necessities within themselves, such as crops, dairy, clothing, goods, and lumber.
Generally the only resources from outside were things like salt and iron.
How did Feudalism compare to the Aryan Caste System?
Both were based on a pyramid system, with farmers and laborers at the bottom.
The Harshness of Manor Life
Peasants had to pay heavy taxes to live on the lord's land.
Peasant life was pretty much just work and more work.
Serfs lived in crowded cottages with only one or two rooms. They often had dirt floors.
They would often keep pigs in the cottages to keep them warm.
Definition
A manor was a lord's estate. Serfs would be granted use of the land in return for labor.
Therefore, more land meant more power for lords.
In what way might a lord also be a vassal?
They obeyed the king and in return they kept or received land.
Invaders Attack Western Europe
Magyars and Muslims Attack
The decline in Viking invasions led to the increase in Magyar and Muslim attacks in Europe.
Who were the Magyars?
Nomadic people who attacked from the east in the late 800's. These people focused on attacking small monasteries and villages.
Here is a picture of what the Magyars may have looked like:
The Magyars took captives rather than settling land. What advantages did this approach have?
Taking people rather than land helped the Magyars because they were nomadic, meaning that they didn't stay in one area for a long amount of time. Taking over people rather than land allowed them to use the as slaves. This also added to their army and group strength. Land can't do much in the time of action, but people can.
Muslims invaded from the south.
The began from North Africa and went through Italy and Spain.
600-700's: conquer and settle in Europe
800-900's: take goods from Europe
Vikings Invade from the North
800-1000 AD
Muslims are invading from the south.
Magyars are invading from the east.
Vikings begin invading from the north.
Who were the Vikings?
"Norsemen"
"Northmen"
Germanic people
A Viking suited up to fight:
The Vikings sailed from Scandinavia, a northern Europe region, to Western Europe.
They had quick raids; beach their ships, strike the enemy, then head back out to sea.
A Viking warship. These could hold up to 300 warriors and can sail in waters as shallow as 3 feet.
They also explored by river in Russia and across the North Atlantic.
How did geography play a role in ending Viking attacks in Europe?
Due to the Viking's conquest strategy, they were only able to easily-access locations near water. Their warships were great for getting them on the outskirts of Europe and on the rivers, but they couldn't effectively conquer area closer inland due to their sea-faring lifestyle.
This relates to the concept of conquest because their way of invading and taking over regions was not only successful, but also efficient. The Vikings created a new way of conquest.
Traders, farmers, and explorers
Leif Ericson
A Viking explorer who reacched North America in 1000, 500 years before Columbus.
During this time, the Viking's position in Europe was fading and they begun to accept Christianity and stopped raiding monasteries.
An increase in global temperature in Scandinavia, and all of Europe, resulted in a lack of the viking warrior culture.
This connects to the concept of culture because due to the change in climate, some of the Viking culture was lost. This just goes to show how much our culture is impacted by the environment around us. For example, without the weather we have in Iowa, we would not be able to grow such plentiful crops, and for many midwestern's their culture is farming.
This relates to the concept of religion because once the Vikings took on the religion of Christianity, they changed their way of life. They stopped attacking monasteries.
