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Skeletal Jasmine Valdez per.2 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal Jasmine Valdez per.2
Bone fracture repair
fibrocartilage fills the gap between broken bones
more bone is produced at the site of a healing fracture than necessary to replace damaged tissue.
osteobcasts remove the excess bone
A cast is put on to hold the bone in place so the fibrocartilage forms in the correct spot and keeps it straight and in the correct area.
All bones:
Axial Skeleton
a. skull
8 craniall bones
frontal 1
parietal 2
occipital 1
14 facial bones
maxilae 2
zygomatic 2
palatine 2
inferior nasal concha 2
mandible 1
temporal 2
sphenoid 1
ethmoid
lacrimal 2
nasal 2
vomer 1
b. middle ear bones
malleus 2
incus 2
shapes 2
c. hyoid
hyoid bone 1
d. vertebral column
cervical vertebra 7
thoracic vertebra 12
lumbar vertebra 5
sacrum 1
coccyx
e. thoracic cage
rib 24
sternum 1
Appendicular Skeleton
a. pectoral girdle
scapula 2
clavicle 2
b. upper limbs
humerus 2
radius 2
ulna 2
carpal 16
metacarpal 10
phalanx 28
c. pelvic girdle
coxal (hip) bone
d. lower limbs
femur 2
tibia 2
fibula 2
patella 2
tarsal 14
metatarsal 10
phalanx 28
Movements allowed by synovial joints
ball-and-socket joint: multiaxial which means it permits the widest range of motion including movement in all planes.
candylar (ellipsoidal) joint: back and forth and side to side movement in2 planes but no rotation
plane (gliding) joint: allows a sliding or twisting movement
hinge joints: allows movement in 1 plane almost like the hinge of a door
Pivot joint: only allows rotation around central axis
saddle (sellar) joint: permits a variety of movements mostly in 2 planes
Differences between male and female skeleton
Pelvic girdle is wider on women than on men
the female sacrum is wider than that of a man
the female coccyx is more moveable than that of a male
Anatomy of long bone
Epiphysis lines: found at the top of the bone in the left and right side
Proximal Epiphysis: is the whole top area
Endosteum:is the outerlayer of the center of the bone
Spaces containing the red marrow are found close to the top on the right side of the bone close but not quite at the middle.
Spongy bone: is around the whole top area of the bone.
Articular cartilage: very top of the bone
Compact bone: very center of the bone in the middle area where there are veins
Medullary Cavity: very middle area where there is veins and red marrow
Yellow marrow: found in the part in half the bone
Periosteum: flap under the yellow marrow
Bone remodeling
controlled by hormones that regulate blood calcium levels
physical exercise helps it by causeing the bone to increase in thickness and strength
osteoclasts resorb and osteoblasts deposit bone through life in this process
Disorders
Greenstick Fracture
Fissured fracture
comminuted fracture
transverse fracture
Oblique fracture
spiral fracture
Joints
synovial (most joints are synovial)
cartilaginous (pubic symphysis, first rib with sternum)
fibrous (found in sutures of the skull and the joint between the distal tibia and fibula)
Types of bones
Humerus (upper arm)
Radius (lateral forearm- thumb side)
Ulna ( medial forearm- pinky side)
Carpals (wrist)
metacarpals (palms)
phalanges (fingers)
Femur (thigh)
tibia (shin bone - big toe side)
fibula (lateral lower leg bone - pinky toe side)
patella (kneecap)
tarsals (ankle)
calcaneus ( heel bone)
metatarsals ( sole of foot)
phalanges (foot)