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GIT Core Conditions - Year 2 - Coggle Diagram
GIT Core Conditions - Year 2
Upper GIT
Indigestion/Reflux (dyspepsia)
Intermittent
NSAIDs - ibuprofen, aspirin
Spicy food, alcohol, carbonated drinks
Smoking
Other causes - GORD, peptic ulcer disease, cancer of upper GIT
Nausea/vomiting
History
Timing and contents
gastroparesis - vomiting >1hour after meal
Early morning- pregnant?
Peptic ulcer disease? Medications?
Swallowing difficulties
Dysphagia - difficulty - solids/liquids
Intermittent/first few swallows
eosinophilic oesophagitis
diffuse oesophageal spasm
lower oesophageal ring
Progressive
stricture
carcinoma
achalasia
solids/liquids "stick" = motor = diffuse oesoph spasm
Odynophagia - painful
Lower GIT
Abdominal swelling/distension
Abnormal, observable increase in abdominal circumference
Exam
Inspection - distension
Percussion - resonant (flatus/gas), dull (fluid/ascites)
Jaundice
History
Colours
Pale stools, dark urine = obstructive, cholestatic jaundice
gallstones - biliary pain and jaundice
Causes
hepatitis
obstructed bile flow from liver
hemolytic anemia
Change in bowel habit
Diarrhea
Acute - can be infectious by nature
Chronic
Constipation
Medication - codeine, antidepressants
Can be relieved by diet and fibre
recent bowel surgery, hospital bed bound = constipation
GI bleed
melaena - jet-black stools
hematochezia - bright red blood per rectum
passing small amounts of red blood - haemorrhoids, fissures
Abdominal pain
History
Site and radiation
Character and pattern
Frequency and duration
Aggravating and relieving factors
Causes
Pacreatitis
Gastritis
GI infection
Bowel obstruction
peritonitis
Signs
Psoas
irritation to iliopsoas hip flexors = appendicitis
Rovsing
Right lower abdo pain on palpation of left lower abdo = acute appendicitis