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Skeletal System Katherine Contreras Period 6 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System Katherine Contreras Period 6
Anatomy of the Long Bone
a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide.
Long bones have a thick outside layer of compact bone and an inner medullary cavity containing bone marrow.
The ends of a long bone contain spongy bone and an epiphyseal line.
Made up of 206 bones
Axial Skeleton
the skull
vertebral column
thoracic cage
Manubrium
Sternum
arms-Humerus, radius,ulna
Hands- carpal, metacarpals, phalanges
Scapula
clavicle
Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder girdle:
Clavicle. Scapula.
Arm.
Humerus.
Forearm.
Radius. Ulna.
Wrist or carpal bones.
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. .
all lower limbs
Pelvic girdle
Joints of the Body
allow movement and bind bones together
Ball & Socket Joint:
Allows the most range in motion ex. limbs
Fibrous Joints
Immovable:
Sutures of the skull
Slightly moveable
- joint between the distal tibia & fibula
Plane Joint
: allows sliding/ twisting wrists and ankles
Condylar Joint
: allows back & fourth movement , no rotation ex.metacarpals and phalanges
Pivot
: rotates within a ring of bone & ligament ex.joint between the dens of the axis and atlas
Hinge Joint
: allows 1 movement; ex. knees
Saddle Joint
: allows a variety of movement, mostly 2 planes; ex. joint between carpal and metacarpal
Types of Bone Tissues
Compact tissue
. This is the harder, outer tissue of bones.
Cancellous tissue.
This is the sponge-like tissue inside bones.
Subchondral tissue.
This is the smooth tissue at the ends of bones, which is covered with another type of tissue called cartilage.
Bone Remodeling
when osteoclasts resorb & osteoblasts deposit bone throughout life
controlled by hormones that regulate blood calcium levels
osteoclasts
are cells that dissolve the bone
obsteoblasts
cells that form new bone
Bone Fracture Repair
Osteoclasts resorb dead bone, while osteoblasts create new bone that replaces the cartilage in the calli, the calli then comes together, remodels, and heals overtime.
Disorders
Osteoporosis
:degrades your bones progressively over time
Paget's Disease
;makes bones more prone to easy breakage or fractures
Rickets:
the weakening of bones caused by a vitamin D deficiency
Hip Dysplasia
:can cause hips to be easily dislocated.
Differences Between Male & Female Skeletons
Male
thicker skeleton, require more attachment sites.
Longer limbs
larger heads
Female
have wider pelvises &tarsals
are shorter
Movements Allowed By the Synovial Joints
abduction
(away),. away from midline
adduction
(towards) midline
extension
(open),to straighten your limbs
flexion
(close) bending parts at the joint
Lateral Flexion
; bending neck,head,or trunk to the side
Hyperextension
; straightening beyond normal anatomical position
Types of Bones
Long bone – has a long and thin shape ex.humerus
Short bone – same size in height and width ex.carpal in the wrist
Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface ex.frontal bone
Irregular bone – has a shape that is not like the other coccyx