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SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES - Coggle Diagram
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES
Right realism
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Biological differences between individuals:
- Biological differences make some individuals more likely to commit a crime.
- Personality traits associated with criminality such as aggression or low intelligence are innate (inborn).
Definition - conservative political outlook, concerned with practical solutions to reduce crime through control and punishment.
Rejects Marxist view that factors such a poverty are the causes of crime and argue that crime is the product of three factors:
- Biological differences between individuals.
- Inadequate socialization.
- And offending is a rational choice.
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Interactionism
Labelling theory
Definition - labelling theory states that no act is deviant or criminal in itself. It only becomes so when we create rules and apply them to others.
Self-fulfilling prophecy; - Primary deviance - acts that have not been publicly labelled.
- Secondary deviance - results from labelling.
People may treat the offender in terms of their label (master status).
Differential enforcement of the law - social control agencies e.g. the police label certain groups as criminal. This results in differential enforcement i.e. where the law is enforced more against one group than another.
The deviance amplification theory - the attempt to control deviance leads to it increasing.
E.g. Mods and Rockers
- Media exaggeration - caused growing public concern.
- Moral entrepreneurs - police responded by arresting youths.
- Negative labelling - of mods and rockers as 'folk devils'.
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