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TREMATODE INFECTION - Coggle Diagram
TREMATODE INFECTION
SCHISTOSOMIASIS/Bilharziasis
(Blood fluke)
LIFE CYCLE
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Mode of transmission
Humans are infected through penetration of skin by schistosome cercariae while swimming or bathing in contaminated water
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Acute infection (Katayama fever):
- Develop a rash or itchy skin. Symptoms may develop including fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches.
Chronic infection:
- Abdominal pain, enlarged liver, blood in the stool or blood in the urine, and problems passing urine. Chronic infection can also lead to increased risk of liver fibrosis or bladder cancer.
Rarely, eggs are found in the brain or spinal cord and can cause seizures, paralysis, or spinal cord inflammation.
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DIAGNOSIS
- Microscopic examination of stool or urine (S. haematobium) for eggs
- Antigen tests
- Serologic tests
FASCIOLIASIS
(Liver fluke)
LIFE CYCLE
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Mode of transmission
Occurs through the ingestion of raw , fresh-water vegetation on which the flukes in their metacercariae form are encysted
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Acute infection:
- abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, nausea, vomiting, intermittent fever, urticaria, malaise, and weight loss due to liver damage.
Chronic infection:
- may be asymptomatic or lead to intermittent abdominal pain, cholelithiasis , cholangitis, obstructive jaundice , or pancreatitis .
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DIAGNOSIS
- Microscopic examination of stool or duodenal or biliary material for eggs
- Antibody assays