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Changes of Aging 458x740-body-organs-graphic.imgcache.rev.web.500.810,…
Changes of Aging 
Cardiovascular
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Strong arterial pules, diminished peripheral pulses, cool extremities
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Respiratory/Pulmonary
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Common Conditions
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lung abscess
Causes: Pneumonia, tuberculosis, malignancy, trauma, aspiration
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Calcification of costal cartilage, trachea, and rib cage
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Digestive
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slower peristalsis, inactive, reduced food/fluid intake, drugs and low-fiber diet
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Common Problems
Dry Mouth (xerostomia)
decreased saliva, mediations, sjögren syndrome, mouth breathing, altered cognition
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Dysphagia
GERD, Stroke, structural disorders
Hiatal Hernia
obesity, large volumes of food,
Esophageal Cancer
poor oral hygiene, irritation, smoking, ETOH
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Diverticular Disease
Chronic constipation, obesity, atrophy of the intestinal wall muscles
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Intestinal obstruction
Tumor, intersession, stool impaction
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Reproductive
Male
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increase fibrosis, epithelium thinning, thickening of the basement membrane and narrowing of the lumen
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Common Changes
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Tumors of the scrotum (hydrocele, varicocele, inguinal hernia)
Female
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Carvix, uterus and fallopian tubes atrophy
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Cervix becomes smaller, endocervical epithelium atrophies
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Urinary and Renal System
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Limitation in excretion of water, sodium and potassium
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Common Problems
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Bladder Cancer (3x more found in men, hx of smoking)
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Nervous System
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number and sensitivity of sensory receptors, dermatomes and neurons decrease
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Common Conditions
Parkinsons Disease
disease of the basal ganglia, and substantia nigra, affecting motor ability
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Health Promotion
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Safety
Lightning
night lights, many diffuse lights, reduce glare, red lights recommend.
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GI
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Natural fiber, fluids and timing to promote bowel elimination
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Health Assessment Tools
Lawton Tool
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Scoring ranges from 0 (low function, dependent) to 8 (high function, independent). Scoring a 1 in a category indicates complete independence in that ADL or needs little assistance and scoring a 0 in a category indicates majority/complete dependence
Katz Tool
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Clinicians typically use the tool to assess function and detect problems in performing activities of daily living and to plan care accordingly
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Beers Criteria
reduce older adults' drug-related problems including, but not limited to exposure to potentially inappropriate medications, drug-disease interactions, and medications that warrant extra caution in the older adult population.
Categories
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a list of medications that should be avoided or dosed differently for those with poor renal function.
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Mini Cog Assessment
Scoring
two part scoring
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clock drawling
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Normal Clock: must include all numbers (1-12), each only once, in the correct order and direction (clockwise). There must also be two hands present, one pointing to the 11 and one pointing to 2
a total score of 3,4,5 indicates lower likelihood of demential nit does not rule out some degree of cognitive impairment
NOT a diagnostic test for Alzheimer’s disease or any other dementia or cause of cognitive impairment.
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Ethical and legal
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Pt Consent
Pt are entitled ventilate to know full implication of procedures, ability to make independent choices and decision
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Consent must be informed
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signature of the pt, witnessed and dated
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Advance Directives
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Living Will:
describes a pt preferences and gives instructions to health care providers at a future time that they are unable to make decisions
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