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Macromlecules - Coggle Diagram
Carbohydrates
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Importance:
- Obtaining energy:
_Carbohydrates are considered from the basic and fast sources for obtaining energy.
- Storing energy: carbohydrates are used for storing the energy in living organisms, until be needed, where: _Plants store carbohydrates in the form of starch. _Each of human and animal stores carbohydrates in the form of glycogen in the cell of liver and muscles.
3.Building cells: _ Carbohydrates are considered a basic component of some parts of the cell, such as cellulose that enters in the structure of plant cell walls. _Carbohydrates enters in the structure of cells membranes and cell protoplasm.
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Lipids
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Importance:
- Obtaining energy: -lipids (fats) are considered an important source for obtaining energy, but the body does not begin to get the energy that is stored in fats , unless , in case of the absence of carbohydrates. -the amount of energy gained form lipids is more than the amount of energy gained from the same quantity of carbohydrates.
2.Building cells : -lipids represents about 5% of the organic material that are involved in the composition of the living cell. _lipids (phospholipids) are involved in the structure of the cell membranes (plasma membranes).
3.Work as a thermal insulator: -lipids (fats) from insulating layers under the skin of human and some animals (as polar bear), therefore these animals can keep their body temperature in the severe cold regions.
4.Works as protective cover : Lipids (waxes)cover the surfaces of the several plants, especially the desert plants for reducing the water loss in the transpiration process.
5.Work as hormones: some lipids works as hormones, as in the steroids.
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Proteins :
Importance
- They are necessary for body growth.
- They represent the structural unit for all the living organisms, where they enter in the structure and function of all the living cells, as they: _Are one of the basic component of the cell membranes and chromosomes. _Form the muscles, ligaments, tendons, organs, glands, nails, hair and skin. _Enter in the structure of many vital body fluids such as blood and lymph.
- Proteins are contributed in the biochemical processes that keep the life and work on its continuity, where they enter in the structure of enzymes and many hormones that stimulate and regulate all the vital functions in the body.
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Nucleic aciimds
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Importance
RNA:
1-It is transcribed from the DNA inside the nucleus then it transfers into the cytoplasm to be used in building the protein which the cell needs.
2- These proteins are responsible for
-Appearing the genetic traits
-Organizing the vital activities
DNA
1-It carried on the chromosomes inside the cell nucleus
2-It carries the genetic information that pass from a generation to another when cell divide and these information are responsible for
-Appearing the distinctive character of the living organism.
-Organization all the vital activities of the cells.
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