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2: The economy and society of the Ancien Régime, image, image, image,…
2: The economy and society of the Ancien Régime
characteristics
guilds
These were associations
of craftsmen in the same trade
regulated aspects such as
working hours
prices
wages
tools
domestic trade
grew very little due to internal customs duties
the poor quality of the roads
foreign trade
was expanding due to the discovery of America
the establishment of new sea routes to Asian markets
traditional agriculture
with very low productivity
Agriculture was not commercial
people farmed to meet their own needs
used outdated
techniques
tools
17th century
mercantilism
was based on the idea
country's wealth depended on how much gold and silver it possessed
Europe's absolute monarchs imposed
a new economic system
called mercantilism
Important
17th century
there was a serious economic crisis in
Spain
most parts of Europe
American markets
had stopped buying Spanish products
due to agriculture in these colonies becoming more self-sufficient
Spanish craftsmen
could not compete with products made in other countries
because the monarch did not protect them
16th century
Prices in general increased
onwards so much gold and silver was brought to Europe from America
The estates of the realm
The nobility and the clergy did not pay tax
They maintained their economic power
through the income they received from their lands
by collecting tithes from the peasants
the lesser nobility and the lower clergy
were often very poor
The Third Estate had to pay tax
petite bourgeoisie
(The lower middle class)
composed mostly of
small merchants
craftsmen
peasantry
suffered during the 17th century
because of
poor harvests
rising prices
the higher taxes
crown
nobility
clergy
bourgeoisie
(The upper middle class)
composed of
prominent merchants
business owners
