Population Geography
Natural changes
Births
crude birth rate(Tasa de nacimiento)
Deaths
We calculate it:
number of live births in one year/Total population x 1000
Infant mortality rate(Tasa de mortalidad infantil)
number of deaths of infants under one year old in a year/
total number of births in one year x 1000
Crude death rate:(Tasa de mortalidad)
number of deaths in one year/Total population x 1000
General fertility rate:Tasa de fertilidad
Number of live births in one year/
Women between 15 and 49 years old x 1000
Natural increase
Positive:If the number of birtns is higher than the number of deaths
Negative:if the number of deaths is higher than the number of births
Demographic Regimes
transition
modern
old
regresive
number of births – number of deaths/Total population x 100
This was in place until the 18th century in developed countries.
The birth rate is high.
The death rate is high due to poor food quality, and poor hygiene and health levels.
There are sharp increases in the death rate due to wars, famine and epidemics.
Population growth is small.
This took place in the 19th century and the first part of the 20th century in developed countries and continues today in the poorest countries.
The birth rate remains high.
The death rate is low, due to the general improvement of living conditions and, especially, due to advances in medicine.
Population growth is very large.
This is the model towards which some developed countries are evolving and which could be the case more widely in the future.
The birth rate remains low, with some occasional slight spikes.
The death rate undergoes a moderate increase due to the ageing population.
The natural increase is negative because there are more deaths than births.
This has been typical of developed countries since the second half of the 20th century.
The birth rate drops sharply as a result of sociological and cultural changes: the massive incorporation of women into work, new family models, the development of contraceptives and family planning.
The death rate remains low.
Growth is small or very small.
Migrations
migration can be permanent or temporary. Permanent migration is when immigrants do not return to their place of origin. Temporary migration refers to a limited stay that can either be long-term
migration can be internal or external. Internal migration occurs within a country and external migration occurs when there is a change in country.
migration can be either forced or voluntary. Forced migration is when someone leaves a place due to political persecution, whereas migration for economic or social reasons is considered voluntary.
demography:quantitative and statistical study of human population
Demographic sources
civil registry:deaths births marial ages
Population census:countryes demographic data every10 years
municipal registry:age marial status sex address
world poplation
Dynamic perspective:evolution over time
Static perspective:population at any given time.
internal structure or composition and distribution
Natural changes and migratory movements
structure:Child,adult,elderly
Population graphic
triangle shape,less adults and elderly population
bell shape:less hope of life
Curved shape:more adults between 35 and 60 years old
Economic sectors
Primary:obtain sources directly from nature
secondary:transform materials
tertiary:-
This sector is occupied by people who offer all kinds of service
Reasons:
Political,Religious or Ethnic:They move to escape from problems,political or religious
Sociocultural:They need money
Economic:they move to search more opportunities
Population growth:natural increase and migration balance