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PHILOSOPHY/ SCIENCE/ ART IN THE ANCIEN RÉGIME 1.3 image, image, image,…

- - - - Descartes (1596–1650)
      - human reason only valid source of knowledge
    - - knowledge could only come from sensory experience and from observation
      - Locke (1632–1704)
      - Hume (1711–1776)
- - - - 1609 Galileo Galilei
        
        proved the heliocentric theory with a telescope
    - - 1643 Evangelista Torricelli
        
        barometer= atmospheric preassure
      - 1666 Isaac Newton
        
        law of gravitation
    - - 1642 Blaise Pascal
        
        mechanical calculator (+/-)
    - - 1674 Anton Leeuwenhoek
        
        perfected the miscroscope= observe microorganisms
- - - - smaller paintings
        
        portraits, everyday situations...
        
        in wealthy bourgeois homes
        
        Rembrandt and Vermeer van Delft
      - neither sculptures nor paintings
        
        no worship of images
  - - - style of Salamanca's Plaza Mayor
    - - important part of the Holy-Week processions
      - "Christ lying" Gregorio Fernández/ "Christ of mercy" Martínez Montañés
    - - same subjects as in other Catholic countries
      - Diego Velázquez and Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
  - - - Architecture
        
        oval floor plans, curved façades (dynamic)
        
        Church of St Charles, Four Fountains, Rome (Borromini)
      - Sculpture
        
        human figures, expressive faces, dynamic poses
        
        Bernini's "David"
      - Painting
        
        large, colourful
        
        Caravaggio and Rubens
        
        in palaces
        
        royal portraits, historical or mythological
        
        churches
        
        Christ, the Virgin Mary, angels or the saints