Philosophy, Science and Art in the Ancien Régime
Philosophy
Scientific method
Scientific methods and its advances
Baroque art
Rationalism
Espiricism
During the 17th century, new ways of thinking emerged which were Rationalism and Espiricism
It was founded by the French philosopher Descartes
It said that, human reason was the only valid source of knowledge
It was founded by two advocated Locke and Hume
It said that, knowledge could only come from sensory experience and observation
The combination of rationalism and espiricism become on the basis of the scientific method
According to this method, the knowledge of chemistry, medicine and sciences could only be tested by the following steps
2-Measurements
3- Establishment of an hypothesis
1-Observation
4-Demostrartion of the hypothesis
5-Conclusion
Physics
Medicine and Biology
Astronomy
Mathematics
Catholic countries
Protestant countries
Galileo Galilei in 1609 proved the heliocentric theory, which said that the Sun was the centre of the Solar System and the earth revolved around it.
Evangelista Torricelli in 1643, invented the barometer to measure atmospheric pressure
Anton Leeuwenhoek in 1674, perfected the microscope. He used it to observe red blood cells and microorganisms for the first time.
Blaise Pascal in 1642, invented the first mechanical calculator capable of adding and subtracting
Isaac Newton in 1666 formulated the law of universal gravitation
The Baroque art is characterised by natural forms and abundant decorative elements
Absolute monarchs and the church used baroque art to affirm their religious doctrine and political power
Characteristics
Sculpture
Painting
Architecture
As the protestants rejected the worship pf images they did not decorate their churches
Smaller paintings were common in wealthy bourgeoisie houses which were portraits, still lifes or descriptions of everyday situations
Baroque art in Spain
In Spain Baroque art was known as the Golden Age because of its works in literature and art
Characteristics
Painting
Sculptures
Architecture
Buildings had oval floor plans and curved façades to create a more dynamic appearence
Human figures were sculpted in dynamic poses, with very expressive faces
Paintings were large and colorful
In palaces they were royal portraits and featured historical mythological themes
In churches they depicted Christ, Virgin Mary, the saints and angels
the ornate style of Salamanca's Plaza Mayor is a particular highlight
Despicted Christ, Virgin Mary, the saints and angels
Sculpture became an important part of the Holy-week processions
