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PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCE AND ART IN THE ANCIENT RÉGIME, image, image, image,…
PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCE AND ART IN THE ANCIENT RÉGIME
Rationalism and empiricism
new ways of thinking (17th)
rationalism
French philosopher Descartes (1596–1650) founded
human reason is the only valid source of knowledge
empiricism
Locke (1632–1704) and Hume (1711–1776) founded
knowledge could only come
observation
sensory experience
become the basis of the scientific method
significant scientific developments in the 17th and 18th centuries
important advances in mathematics, astronomy, physics and medicine
Physics
1643 Evangelista Torricelli
invented the barometer
1666 Isaac Newton
formulate the law of universal gravitation
Medicine and biology
1674 Anton Leeuwenhoek
perfected the microscope
Astronomy
1609 Galileo Galilei
prove the heliocentric theory
Mathematics
1642 Blaise Pascal invented
the first mechanical calculator capable of adding and subtracting
Baroque art
was popular in Europe (17th-18th)
characterised
natural forms
abundant decorative elements
Catholic countries
used Baroque art
characteristics
Architecture
buildings had oval floor plans and curved façades
good example Borromini
Sculpture
human figures were sculpted in dynamic poses
example is Bernini's David
Painting
were usually large and colourful
Caravaggio and Rubens are good examples
Protestant countries
two particular characteristics
Protestants not decorate their churches
because they rejected the worship of images
Smaller paintings were common in wealthy bourgeois homes
Spain
known as the Golden Age
Architecture
ornate style of Salamanca's Plaza Mayor is a particular highlight
Sculpture
important part of the Holy-Week processions
Gregorio Fernández and Christ of mercy by Martínez Montañés
Painting
depicted the same subjects
Diego Velázquez and Bartolomé Esteban Murillo were important
