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Thinking and Decision making - Coggle Diagram
Thinking and Decision making
normative models
describe the way that thinking should be. they assume that unlimited time and resources are available to make a decision
they deny what is right or wrong, etc
decision making is a cognitive process that involves selecting one of the possible beliefs or actions, that is making a choice between some alternatives
Thinking is to modify the information we get and break it down into lesser pieces
going beyond the information given
searching through a problem space
descriptive models
shows what a people actually do when they think and make decisions
accurate description of real life thinking patterns
main measure of effectiveness for such models
the theory of reasoned action
aims to explain the relationship between attitudes and behaviours when making choices
proposed by MartiN Fishbien in 1967
if we believe in a particular behaviour it will lead to a particular outcome
creates a predisposition known as behavioural intention
two factors: attitudes and subjective norms
attitudes- describes your individual perception of the behaviour (positive or negative)
subjective norms- perceived social pressure regarding this behaviour
the stronger the behavioural intention the stronger the effort we put into implementing the plan. hence higher probability that the plan will be excuted
theory of planned behaviour-
influences behavioural intentions: perceived behavioural control
when attitude is positive and subjective norms are acceptable but task is not carried out
adaptive decision making framework
payne, bettman and Johnson 1993
weighted additive strategy
lexicographic strategy
satisticing strategy
elimination by aspects
minimizing the cognitive effort
minimizin the experience of negative emotions