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Skeletal System Matillda Garcia P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System Matillda Garcia P.2
type of bones
long bone
long expanded ends; ex. arm and leg bones
short bone
almost equal in length and width; ex. wrist and ankle bones
flat bone
plate-like shape with broad surface; ex. ribs,scapula, flattened skull bones
irregular bones
varied shape; ex. vertebrae, some facial bones
bone fracture repair
formation of hematoma
formation of fibrocartilaginous callus
formation of bony callus
remodeling and addition of compact bone
Name of bones
skull
cranium and some facial bones
spine
cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae,sacrum and tailbone
chest
ribs and sternum
arms
shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), humerus,radius and ulna
hands
wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals, and phalanges
pelvis
hip bones
legs
femur(thigh bone),patella (kneecap), tibia (shinbone), and fibula
feet
tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
bone remodeling
activation
detects if the remodeling signal needs to be initiated
resorption
removes hard bone tissue by osteoclasts followed by laying down new bone cells by osteoblasts
reversal
osteblast lay down new bone until the resorbed bone is completely replaced
formation
transform preexisting mesenchymal tissue into bone tissue
quiescene
osteoblasts turn into lining cells
anatomy of long bones
a bone that has a shaft and two ends
long, thin shape
work as levers to permit movement with the help of muscles
Joints
ball-and-socket
ball-shaped head of one bone and articulate with a cup-shaped cavity of another
condylar
oval shaped condyle of one bone and articulates with elliptical cavity of another
plane
articulating surfaces that are nearly flat or curved
hinge
convex surface of one bone and articulates with concave surface of another
pivot
cylindrical surface of one bone and articulates with ring of bone and ligament
saddle
articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions; the surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another
movements allowed by synovial joints
ball-and-socket
movement in all planes and includes rotation
condylar
variety of movement in two planes, no rotation
plane
slide or twist
hinge
flexion and extension
pivot
piotation around a central axis
saddle
variety of movement mainly in two planes
differences between male and female skeleton
male
more thick, rough and appears more bumpy
female
more smooth and less bumpy
disorders
bone fracture
greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture
fissured fracture
incomplete longitudinal break and takes long to heal
comminuted fracture
complete fracture and fragments of the bone
transverse fracture
complete fracture, occurs at right angle to axis of bone
oblique fracture
occurs at an angle other than right angle to the axis of the bone
spiral fracture
caused by excessive twisting of the bone