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Deaf Identities, Intersectionality is defined as how race, gender, class,…
Deaf Identities
Intersectionality
Race/Ethnicity
Race/ethnicity as part of the family's culture is more likely ro be the deaf child's first or early core identity (other than gender)
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Disability
According to Guardino and Cannon (2016), approximately 40% to more than %0% of the deaf and hard-of-hearing population may have additional disabilities
- Many Countries experience an increase in diverse groups
- A significant interest in cultural/ethic group membership and social identity emerged
- Identity: how people describe themselves or how others describe them
Identity development depends on how we accept labels and how we feel about them
Deaf Identitties
- Individuals who identify themselves as culturally Deaf are individuals who use ASL or the sign language of their country orcommunity, feel strongly that being Deaf is just fine or a gain, socialize with and get support from other culturally Deaf persons, and live a "Deaf" way of life
- Personal identities start within the family of origing
Theoretical Frameworks
Social Identity Theory
- Tajfel (1981)
- Suggest that group relationships and social orientations are important for identity
- A person who is a member of a minority – who is not comfortable with their minority status, s/he will not join the minority group. If/when that person becomes comfortable, s/he will join the minority group.
- Using the Social Activity Scale with 451 mainstreamed Deaf high school students, 37% were comfortable with both Deaf and hearing peers, 30% were mostly comfortable with Deaf peers, and 12% were more comfortable with hearing peers. Sadly, 20% didn’t feel comfortable with either group.
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Disability Framework
- Weinberg and Sterritt (1986)
- Used the medical model of deafness as a disability to describe posible identity categories
1 - Hearing Identification = able-bodied
2 - Deaf Identification = disabled
3 - Dual Identification = identification with both able-bodied and disabled worlds
- Weinberg and Sterritrt acknowledged the potential negative impact of using their disability-related categories
- Weinberg and Sterrit developed the Deaf Identity Scale
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The Narrative Approach
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- Some researchers feel that figuring out identities based on surveys and measures are too limiting. They prefer the narrative approach.
- Researchers can listen to people’s stories, and examine themes from their life stories.
- Ohna (2004) decided to interview deaf adults. He then developed phases in Deaf Identity Development
Acculturation Model
This model focuses on how immigrants relate to their home culture while in a new country and culture
Acculturation Domains
- Deborah Maxwell-McCaw (2001) developed the Deaf Acculturation Scale
- Cultural Identification: Psychological identification with deaf or hearing people
- Cultural Involement: How much one is involved in Deaf/hearing cultural activities
- Cultural Preferences: Does one prefer being with Deaf or Hearing people
- Language Competence: How well does an individual uses a language (signed or spoken)
- Cultural Knowledge: How well does an individual know about a specific culture (Deaf or Hearing)
Acculturation Strategies
- Assimilation Strategy: Give up the home culture identity and embrace the new culture
- Separation Strategy: Hold on to the home culture identity and reject the new culture
- Integration Strategy: Embrace both cultures
- Marginalization Strategy: Reject both cultural identities.
Intersectionality is defined as how race, gender, class, and other individual characteristics intersect and create the potential for overlapping discriminatory experiences
Internalizing each of the marginalized identities helps the individual have a stronger sense of self and be more confident in facing life’s challenges.