Enteric Diseases of Neonatal Swine 2
Coccidiosis (Cystoisospora suis)
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Control
Sporulation in the environment takes 12 hours - sporulated oocytes are resistant to disinfection. Sporozoites penetrate enterocytes after 5 days. Cement floors are big risk factor, and worse in late summer.
Infects enterocytes of the jejunum and ileum. Mild-moderate villus atrophy -> diarrhea. Fibronecrotic membrane in severe cases.
Mild creamy diarrhea that can start at 5 days but most often at 1-3 weeks. High morbidity but low mortality, low weaning weights, long-haired pigs. Most litters affected, from all ages of sows. No response to antibiotics/vaccines.
Fecal float/smear for oocysts. Histo on SI (mild/mod villus atrophy, presence of coccidia in jejunum/ileum, +/- fibronecrotic membrane. Mucosal smear can also be done to visualize organisms.
Toltrazuril (Baycox) PO once at 3-5 days of age. Paint floor to seal it. All in/all out. Change flooring to perforated, raised floors (NOT concrete).
Porcine Rotavirus
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Control
7 antigenetically distinct groups. Group A most common in swine
Mild to moderate villus atrophy (milder than SECD).
Watery diarrhea, varying in severity. Usually affects pigs 1-6 weeks old (nursing & nursery). Low mortality usually.
Demonstrate virus in tissues (PCR/IHC). Sacrifice pig in very early stages. Or demonstrate virus in feces.
Hygiene, hygiene, hygiene! Very difficult to get rid of - must be excellent. Vaccinate sows prior to farrowing for lactogenic immunity.
Clostridium perfringens type C
Onset of C/S < 12 hours. Gram positive rod. Shed by sow, lives in environment, ingested by piglet. Attached to epithelium and Type C produces necrotizing beta toxin -> necrosis/desquamation. Necrosis/hemorrhage -> death. DX: bacteria on mucosal smears.
Type A
< 7 days. Creamy diarrhea, high morbidity, low weaning weights. **Antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur)
Type C
< 7 days. Bloody diarrhea. High morbidity & mortality. Antitoxin within 2 hours of birth - if they are sick it is too late.
SOWS: vaccinate +/- feed Bacitracin