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american west revision, Plains Indians Lifestyle, Manifest Destiny,…
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Plains Indians Lifestyle
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Buffalo
buffalo: the buffalo were the main source of materials and food for the Indians. the buffalo were the main reason for the Indians nomadic lifestyle, as the Indians had to follow the buffalo's migration patterns. the Indians used the buffalo for all of its body parts
Horses. The Indians relyed on the horses a lot and they were one of the most valued posessions of an Indian warrior. The horse to person ratio in some of the biggest tribes was: Blackfoot 1:1 Comanche 3:1 Crow 2.5:1 Paunee 0.5:1. Horses excelled at flat landscapes which was why they were so valuable on the plains and they were needed to kill buffalo
Beliefs (medicine man, the gods and not to hurt land also the dreams and steam houses)
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Manifest Destiny
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it was the Americans god given duty to some what
"strive for what they deserved". this was the Americans excuse for anything they did.
'Manifest Destiny' was the American ideology of the 18th century that held the belief that Americans were destined to settle and claim the land to the west as part of American expansionism. It was the idea that it was a mission for American settlement to spread from coast to coast.
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Homestead Act
The homestead act offered white settlers 160 acres of land for families to farm, it was $10 to file a claim to move onto the plains.
If you farmed the land for 5 years and lived there, then you could officially own the land. This was known as 'Proving it up'.
The goal of the homestead act was to get white settlers to move onto the plains for manifest destiny. Homesteaders were also Exodusters and not just whites.
The Mormons
Joseph Smith
as a teenager, Joseph Smith began having religious experiences. He claimed that an angel told him about two buried gold plates.
Smith said he dug up these plates and translated the ancient language. This became the book of Mormon. The book of Mormon became a basis of his new and growing religion.
In kirtland, smith told his followers to start building god's kingdom. He was a brilliant preacher and his ideas reached many. They worked hard and were successful, so others were envious.
When the 1837 economic depression hit, mormons were driven out of Kirtland. They went to Missouri,a slave state, they were against slavery and so they were hated even more.
They were blamed for disturbance and were forced to leave the state. Joseph Smith was killed in a mob brawl.
Brigham Young
Following Joseph Smith's death, Brigham Young took over as leader of the mormons. He decided that they could never live in peace within the united states, and so should leave.
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1859 gold rush
In 1848 gold was discovered in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California. In 1849, thousands of migrants rushed to California to try and find their fortune.
positive consequences :The Gold Rush had several important consequences for California. The new prospectors needed somewhere to buy food, drink, equipment and entertainment. This provided a great opportunity for Californians to become shopkeepers and tradesmen.
negative consequences : The huge population boom led to problems of law and order with many resorting to taking the law into their own hands. There was also a lot of racial tension as white miners clashed with Hispanics, Californian Indians, free African Americans and the Chinese.
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The American west in the 1800s was lacking in vegetation and was mainly only grass growing and it was very flat. growing any crops is very difficult as the climate gets very hot and the land is inadequate. The white settlers did not live there and it was only native Indians that lived here and they survived off the buffalo.
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Indian Removal Act 1830
This provided money to pay for native Americans to move from the Indian territory to specific areas known as reservations. On these smaller areas of land they were still allowed hunting land but the hunt for buffalo became way more difficult.
This time period witnessed the US govenment gaining huge amounts of land, in the west
Firstly, in 1845 Texas officially became apart of the USA. in 1846, Oregon became apart of the USA and longer shared with Britain. And in 1846, California became apart of the USA as a result of Defeating Mexico in a war
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indian frontier
: permanent’ Indian Frontier, further consolidating the divide between Plains Indians and whites.
It stated that Indian Territory was all land west of the Mississippi River, though did not include Louisiana or Arkansas. White settlers were banned from settling on Indian Territory, and were also prohibited from selling guns or alcohol to American Indians. The frontier was protected by the US Army, who set up army forts and military roads across the frontier.
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