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Proteins - Coggle Diagram

- - - - R-group single H atom
    - - R-group methyl (-CH3) group
    - - R-group (SH)
- - - - form due to difference
        in charge
    - - O of -C=O group
        NEGATIVE charge
      - H of -NH group
        POSITIVE charge
    - - hydrogen bonds between
        amino acids @ regular intervals
        in sequence
      - bonds twist chain into
        spiral/helical shape
    - - more rigid + less
        flexible configurations
        than α-helix
      - formed sections polypeptide
        chain orientated in opposite
        directions (anti-parallel) lie adjacent
        each other
      - hydrogen bonds between
        C=O and NH groups
  - - - hydrogen
        bonds
        
        numerous but relatively
        weak + easily broken
      - ionic
        bonds
        
        between amino acid + carboxyl group
        and some amino acid R-groups
        
        stronger than H bonds
        but damaged by changes in pH
      - disulfide
        bonds
        
        covalent between R-groups
        of sulfur
        containing amino acids
        (cysteine)
        
        v strong
        
        important giving strength
        increase structural
        (fibrous) proteins like collagen
    - - involve amino acids w/
        hydrophobic R-groups which
        tend take up positions within molecule
        surrounded by other parts polypeptide
        as opposed to water
  - - - proteins that contain
        prosthetic groups
      - glycoprotein - important
        in membrane structure
      - haemoglobin - 4 polypeptide
        chains (2 of each)
        
        each chain attached iron
        rich haem group (essential part
        molecule in transport oxygen)