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TOEFL VOCABULARY GRAY GROUP, Collins Vocabulary Unit 9 - History, image,…
TOEFL VOCABULARY
GRAY GROUP
to recruit
definition: to persuade someone to become a new member of an organization
synonym: to hire, to employ
(thesaurus.com for synonyms and antonyms)
Sentences:
1.The coach spends a lot of time recruiting the top high school athletes.
About 14% of new recruits are from ethnic minorities.
forms: recruit (n), recruitment (n - the process of recruiting), recruiter (n- the person who gives jobs to others)
collocations: latest recruits, recruit staff, recruit workers, be recruited as .., recruited into the army, newly recruited
(ozdic.com)
Yağmur
predatory
Sentences:
The domesticated cat retains its predatory instincts.
The owl is a predatory bird which kills its prey with its claws.
definition: (of an animal) preying naturally on others.
synonym: predacious, hunting
forms: predate(v), predatory (adj), predatively (adverb), prey (noun)
collocations: predatory cat, predatory instincts, predatory bird
extinct
Sentences:
1.Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.
Scientists still get the remains of many extinct animals.
definition: (of a species, family, or other group of animals or plants) having no living members; no longer in existence.
synonym: vanished, defunct
forms: extinction (v), extinct (adj), extinction (noun)
Taha
negotiate
negotiation , negotiated , negotiate
Attempts to negotiate peace ended in armed revolt.
Synonym: discussion aimed at agreement.
bargain
deal
contract
discuss
debate
consult
The government has refused to negotiate with the strikers.
definition: obtain or bring about by discussion.
recruit
raw recruits marching up and down with the drill instructor
| possible, potential | young | graduate | army
enlist
sign up
enrol
engage
take on
Many companies recruit graduate trainees to train as managers.
The police are trying to recruit more black and Asian officers.
recruitable. recruited. recruitment.
Defination: enlist (someone) in the armed forces.
Ensure
secure certain, non-failing
assure
establish
insure
protect
provide
Wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene.
These regulations ensure the humane treatment of all refugees.
We must take steps now to ensure the survival of these animals.
| be designed to
Defination: make certain that (something) will occur or be the case.
refuse
domestic, household | uncollected
decline, deny, reject, or resist
1) My initial reaction was to refuse.
2) We refuse to talk to terrorists.
decline
ignore
protest
rebuff
reject
Defination: indicate or show that one is not willing to do something.
Bugay
impetus
Forms: impel(v), impelled(adj), impetus(n)
Collacations: İmpetus person, impetus film, impetus
Synonym: motivation, stimulus, incitement,
Sentences: 1-) His visit gave new impetus to the peace process. 2-) “The main impetus for change was the response of the parties to the collapse of communism.”
Definiton: something that makes an activity or process happen or continue with more speed and energy. (teşvik)
voucher
Definiton; a piece of paper that can be used instead of money to pay for goods or services
Synonym: declaration, affirmation, statement,
Forms: vocuherless(adj), vocuher(n), vouch(v)
Collacations: credit | discount, money-off | gift, sales, shopping | luncheon | travel | accommodation, hotel | fuel, petrol
Sentences: 1-) The company issues travel vouchers to all managers. 2-) a voucher for children's glasses.
hygiene
Definition:the process of keeping things clean, especially to prevent disease
Synonym:cleanliness, personal hygiene, personal cleanliness,
Forms: hygienic(adj), hygiene(n)
Collacations: dental, food, oral, personal, public
Sentences: 1-)Many skin diseases can be prevented by good personal hygiene. 2-)Brushing your teeth regularly is an important part of good dental hygiene.
nurture
Definition: to look after, feed, and protect young children, animals, or plants ---
---to encourage or support the development of someone or something
Synoynm: upbringing, bringing up, care, fostering,
Forms: nurtirist(n), nurturant(adj), nurture(v)
Collacations: talent, growth, natural ability, business
Sentences: Good parents nurture their children so they will become happy and healthy adults. He was an inspiring leader who nurtured the talents of his colleagues.
depletion
Forms: depleted(adj), deplete(v), depletion(n)
Definiton: to reduce the amount of something, especially a natural supply
Synoynm: exhaustion, reduction, deficiency, enervation, debilitation,
Collacations: rapid | serious, severe, significant | resource | oxygen,
Sentences: Depletion of the ozone layer leaves the earth's surface increasingly exposed to harmful radiation from the sun.
--Increased consumption of water has led to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.
Öner Arda
migration
definiton : movement of animlas or humans from one place to another
synonym:population shift movement journey
Sentences .
1.During the last recession, migration to the sunbelt accelerated.
It was a time of great migration.
form: migratable, migratorily migration
collocations: the seasonal migration of bird
comheperensive
Senteces 1.She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.
2.Kylie goes to the local comprehensive.
definition: including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something.
synoym: overall, complete, extensive, all inclusive, full
Form comprehensive, comprehensively comprehensivisation
collocations: extremely, very fully, totally
depletion
Definiton: reduction in the number or quantity of something.
Sentences: 1.. Increased expenditure has caused a depletion in our capital/funds.
2.But, like global warming, ozone depletion was based on theory.
synoym: decrease, decline, reduction, drop, diminution, abatement, fall
Form: depleted
depletion
collocations: rapid serious, severe, significant resource oxygen, ozone, etc.
circulate
Definiton move continuously or freely through a closed system or area.
Sentences: 1.Air can circulate freely through the tunnels.
2.People who circulate false news are to be blamed.
Synoym: spread radiate diffuse proliferate propagate break disperse
Form: circular, circlingly, circle
collocations:freely, around/round |through
bewildering
Definiton confusing or perplexing.
Sentences: 1. The market sold a bewildering variety of cheeses.
The styles change with bewildering rapidity.
Synoym baffle, puzzle befuddle, bemuse, daze, confound
Collocations: be, seem| find sth
Form: bewildered bewilderedly bewilderment
Batuhan
Prescribe
Synonym and Antonym: Define, command, mislead, disallow
Collocations: legally prescribed, prescribed for, strictly prescribed
Definiton: to say what medical treatment someone needs. (reçete yazmak) (Dictionary of Cambridge)
to say officially what people must do
(emretmek, söylemek, buyurmak)(Dictionary of Cambridge)
Sentences: Doctor prescribed a lot of pills for me.
İn my first day, my boss prescribed me to what I need to carry.
Diagnose
Prerequisite
Synonym and Antonym: Nonessential, extra, option, essential, must, requisite
Collocations: prerequisite for competence, prerequisite to understanding
Definition: something that is necessary in order for something else to happen or exist (Dictionary of Cambridge)(ön gereklilik)
Sentences: Playing good basketball's prerequisite is being tall and shooting good.
Avenue
Synonym and Antonym: boulevard, channel, egress, refusal
Collocations: Living in avenue, finding avenue, explore avenue
Definiton: a wide road in a town or city, often with trees along it. (Bulvar)(Dictionary of Cambridge)
a possible way of doing or achieving something
( başarıya giden yol)(Dictionary of Cambridge)
Sentences: I am living in an avenue right now.
I need to find an avenue to focus on for my life.
Baran
Stance
Sentences:
-This oppressive stance towards your brother is not nice at all
-He took a racist stance
Definition: behavior, demeanor
Synonim: attitude
Forms: Stand (Adj),
Collactions: Assistance, circumstance, distance, instance, resistance, substance
Trace
Forms: Archaeological ( Adj)
Definition: Track, mark, sign of something
Sentences:
-
-The hunter was following the traces of the prey
His grandfather taught him to follow trace .
Synonims: Track, mark, signal, print
Collactions: contraception, contraceptive
Clear Up
sentences: - can you clear up what's going on
can you clear me up i still don't understand
Dictionaries & Resources You Can Use To Learn Vocabulary
Example Sentences:
sentencedict.com
https://wordsinasentence.com
Synonyms&Antonyms:
https://www.thesaurus.com/
Collocations:
https://ozdic.com/
Differences between words and concepts:
https://wikidiff.com/
Recommended Dictionaries:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
https://www.ldoceonline.com/
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
Etymology Dictionary (to learn where the words originated from)
https://www.etymonline.com/
Analyzing Vocabulary Use in Texts
https://www.visualthesaurus.com/
SKILLS - READING
READING
CHAPTER 1 - FACT QUESTIONS
01.Linguistics : English and the Gold Rush
mark (v)
boom (n)
pepper (v)
trace (v)
sediment
Theater: The Greek Chorus and the Audience
clarify (v)
commentary (n)
overt (adj)
reinforce (v)
in unison (adv)
facilitate (v)
embellish (v)
laugh track
Ecology : Effects of Global Warming on Coral Reefs
alter (v)
ecosystem (n)
vulnerable (adj)
temperature threshold
indication
prolonged (adj)
runoff (n)
cloud (v)
Literature: The Ascent of the Novel
prose (n)
distribution (n)
flourish (v)
parody v)
satire (n)
temperament (n)
focal (dj)
Anthropology: Symbolic Behavior
cope (v)
symbolic (adj)
outcome (v)
jersey (n)
solely (adv)
transpire (v)
Sociology:The Dutch East India Company
integration (n)
avenue (n)
expel (v)
collaboration (n)
circulate (v)
impetus (n
impetus
Definiton: something that makes an activity or process happen or continue with more speed and energy. (teşvik)
Sentences: 1-) His visit gave new impetus to the peace process. 2-) “The main impetus for change was the response of the parties to the collapse of communism.”
Synonym: motivation, stimulus, incitement,
Collacations: İmpetus person, impetus film, impetus
Forms: impel(v), impelled(adj), impetus(n)
Collins Vocabulary
Unit 9 - History
