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Cystic Fibrosis (CF) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - pancreas
      - gastrointestinal tract
      - respiratory tract
      - sweat glands
      - other exocrine tissues
    - - mucous plugging is the formation of tenacious secretions which lead to
        
        permanent lung damage
        
        impairment of local immune function from infection
- - - - increased frequency of large, greasy, malodorous stools
      - distention
      - abdominal pain
      - poor absorption of fat soluble vitamins
      - weight loss
      - loss of appetite
    - - sweat abnormalities
      - excessive salt depletion
    - - chronic cough accompanied with mucoid or purulent sputum
      - tachypnea
      - recurrent respiratory infections
      - recurrent wheezing or crackles
      - hemoptysis
      - dyspnea
      - chest pain
      - chest retractions
      - barrel chest
      - recurrent sinusitis
      - cyanosis
      - nasal polyps
    - - In males
        
        undescended testicles
        
        sterile
- - - - leads to
        
        more sweat
        
        high levels of chloride in sweat
  - - - causes
        
        secretions in the lungs to become very thick and hard to move
  - - - causes
        
        inflammation
        
        build up of enzymes
        
        scarring
        
        this scarring can lead to CF related diabetes
- - - - medications that target gene mutations
        
        help improve function of the faulty CFTR protein and may improve lung function and weight, and reduce the amount of salt in sweat
      - antibiotics
      - anti-inflammatory drugs
      - mucus-thinning drugs
      - bronchodilators
      - oral pancreatic enzymes
      - stool softeners
      - acid-reducing medications
      - drugs for diabetes or liver disease when needed
    - - Vest therapy
        
        can relieve mucus obstruction
        
        help to reduce infection and inflammation in airways
        
        makes it easier to cough up mucus
      - other techniques to loosen and remove mucus
        
        breathing and coughing techniques
        
        tube that you blow into
        
        clapping with cupped hands on the front and back of the chest
    - - may include
        
        breathing techniques that may help loosen mucus and improve breathing
        
        nutritional counseling
        
        Physical exercise that may improve condition
        
        counseling and support
        
        education about condition
    - - Noninvasive ventilation
        
        a nose or mouth mask to provide positive pressure in the airways and lungs when breathing in
        
        can increase air exchange in the lungs and decrease the work of breathing
        
        helps with airway clearance
      - Feeding tube
        
        delivers extra nutrition
        
        tube is inserted into the nose and guided into the stomach or tube may be surgically implanted in the abdomen
      - Oxygen therapy
        
        improves oxygen intake to prevent high blood pressure in the lungs
      - Bowel surgery
        
        removes blockage in bowel
      - Nasal and sinus surgery
        
        removal of nasal polyps that obstruct breathing
        
        treat recurrent sinusitis
      - Lung transplant
        
        may be necessary if patient has
        
        severe breathing problems
        
        life-threatening lung complications
        
        increasing resistance to antibiotics for lung infections
      - Liver transplant
        
        used for those with severe cystic-fibrosis liver disease