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Gene transcription and translation - Coggle Diagram
Gene transcription and translation
DNA
a molecule with a remarkable function
stores the information that each cell needs to produce proteins
Functions
DNA
stores RNA- and the protein-encoding information
transfers information to next generation of cells
RNA
carries protein-encoding information
helps to make proteins
catalyzes some reactions
Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
carries the polypeptide subunits to the organelle responsible for synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
a primary component of the ribosome and is responsible for its catalytic activity
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
a transcript copy of a gene which encodes a specific polypeptide
Central dogma
process by which the instruction in DNA are converted into a functional product
Codons
mRNA nucleotide triplets
Transcription
synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA
two nucleic acids are written in different forms and the information in simply transcribed from RNA to DNA
decoded
the sequence of codons along an mRNA molecule
Intiation
several transcription factors
additional transcription factors
Elongation
RNA polymerase
moves along the DNA template strand
joining complementary RNA nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA transcript
Termination
help ribosome attach to the 5' end of the mRNA
facilitate the export of the mature mRNA from the nucleus
protect the mRNA from the degradation by nuclease enzymes