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(Mozi, Xunzi) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - yi understood as a moral disposition towards what is good, right, or moral
      - Here, we see the Mohist account is based in the understanding that human nature has a natural inclination towards what is right, but each individual's accounts of what is right come into conflict with one another, generating disorder
    - - thankfully, the text implies that people in the state of nature recognized the deficiency of their plurality, and hold an implicit understanding that the absence of political authority inherently generates disorder, and thus the exit from the state of nature necessitates a worthy and capable sovereign to unify society's conception of what is right by promulgating and enforcing unified norms
  - - - Importantly, this distinction implies that Mozi is not to be understood as a social contract thinker, instead adhering closely to strict consequentialism grounded in the delivery of intrinsic goods such as material welfare or orderly social relations (notes,2)
    - - allying below nuance
- - - - To X, the basis for forming social groups inherently lies within drawing distinctions and ordering society into social divisions
        
        this ordering is essential to Xs account of the justification for political authority, for without it, X contends that without a societal hierarchy there will surely be conflict, disorder, and poverty p22.
        
        in this sense, there is no inherent moral orientation, but rather our social roles have norms attached to them that guide individuals in performing their societal roles.
      - the lack of individual moral agency in the X account necessitates that individuals be treated as subjects of a kinds of moral education imposed from above on those below by the sage kings
  - - - To X, there are no values in the SoN save for a given individuals particular appetites and aversions.
      - consequently, Xs justifications differ form Ms in that both moral virtue and political authority emerge from the same source, tracing the exist from the SoN to sage-kings who imposed political authority and moral virtue onto the people to resolve the SoN
        
        in the X account, the sage-kings were motivated to implement order as they despised the disorder found in PP society p22
        
        this is motivated by a fundamental belief in Xs account, that the what distinguishes humans from pre-political society or animals is our capacity to form complex communities and fill distinct social roles, noting that "humans cannot lack a community" p21
      - further, in the state of nature, there is no social cooperation or organization, with humans living a life that is more akin to an animal than one that is fully human, as X contends to live a fully human life we must be members of a social organization, requiring active and affirming participation from individuals