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Chemistry - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry
Electronegativity
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Because atoms do not exist in isolation and instead form molecular compounds by combining with other atoms, the concept of electronegativity is important because it determines the nature of bonds between atoms.
It determines how the shared electrons are distributed between the two atoms in a bond. The more strongly an atom attracts the electrons in its bonds, the larger its electronegativity.
In ionic bonding there are two forces - metals which are cation and non-metals which are negatively charged ions. In ionic bonding the non-metals have a strong pull on electrons and are capable of withdrawing electrons totally from metals. This represents electronegativity as the atom let take chloride and sodium, the chloride atom is a non mental and pulls the electrons from the metal(Sodium). The pulling of electrons is known as electro negativity
Bonding
To fulfill the octet rule , there are ways an atom can gain or loose electrons
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Ionic Bonding
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The metal ions are +vely charged and non metal ions are negative charged so they tend to attract to each other.
Properties
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Are soluble in water, and form aqueous solution
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The positive and negative ions are trapped in fixed locations and cannot move freely in the solid state. As a result, ionic substances in the solid form are unable to conduct electricity. When ionic substances are heated or dissolved in water, the positive and negative ions separate and become mobile, allowing them to move around freely.
Covalent Bonding
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Non Metals have strong pull so they cannot remove electrons from another non metal to fulfil the octet rule. so they tend share electrons.
ex:
chlorine atoms need 1 electron to fulfil the octet rule, this can be achieved by 2 chlorine atoms by sharing an electron each
Properties
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Insoluble in water
Exceptions
Hydrongen, Choride and Ammonia are soluble in water
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In the solid and liquid phases, covalent compounds are made up of simple covalent molecules. In these two states, there are no free mobile ions. As a result, in the solid and liquid phases, covalent molecules are unable to conduct electricity.
Octet Rule
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Duet rule
H,B,Be Tend to combine to have 2 electrons in outer shell
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