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MUSIC HISTORY, Major Works, Renaissance Period 1450-1600, BAROQUE PERIOD…
MUSIC HISTORY
Famous Work* Josquin's Ave Maria. Ave Maria was written in the 15th century, and was designed for a mass. This piece was important in that it was written specifically for a cathedral, and was an early example of a motet. Famous Work 2 Hildegard's Dies Irae. This was a funeral chant, and had references to judgement day. this was one of the first recorded funeral marches, and is also still used in tv and movies
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*HISTORY: *Fall in literacy: With a less literate population, literacy was usually only found in churches and in the elite houses.This led to fewer non-church pieces being written down, as very few knew how to write.
*MUSICAL MOVEMENT *Plainchant: commonly found in religious facilites, this was very common throught this whole period; It featured largely a-cappella groups segregated by gender sining in a monophonic way.
COMPOSERS Hildegrad of Bingen. Hildegrad was a saint who started her own convent. Along with being a talented nun, she also traveled and served as a religious advisor for popes and kings.
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Composer
Giovani Pallestrina (1525-1594)
created the mass for Pope Marcellus, which was deemed to exemplify what counter reformation was going for
Famous Work
*Mass for Pope Marcellus* (Pallestrina 1500s)
this work was considered important at the time as it was considered everything counter reformation should be (homophony, only simple polyphony, low dissonance).
Musical Movement
Homphony was introduced. Homophony allowed for a variety of pitches to be sung at the same time (without polyphony or imitative polyphony). This simplified music
HIstory Economic boom, let more funding go to the arts, resulting in an explosion of artistic development
Antonio Vavaldi
1678-1741
He was one of the early pioneers of idiomatic writing, and wrote several concertos.
Musical Movement
Doctrine of Affections stated that each piece of music should convey between 1-2 emotions.
*HISTORY
The age of exuberance and lots of extra in both arts and architecture. This allowed for music to break the more rigid religious structure that musicians followed in previous eras. This allowed the music to show more emotion
Famous Work
Henry Purcell's 1689 opera Dido and Aeneas. This was considered by many as the greatest baroque opera.
Famous work #2 The Bach Contata of 1731. this piece had 7 movements and was a chorale. many consider this the best example of a contata
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Romantic Melody was the term given to the melody trend that became popular in this era. This trend stressed longer phrases and pauses in weird or unconventional spots
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Fredrick Chopin (1810-1849)
Chopin was a Polish composer known for his piano works with rubato and strong character
Berlioz (1803-1869) Berlioz was a French composer known for his bold insturmentation, and program music
(No Date) During this time there was an increase in nature and the ideals of the dark, wild and animalistic side of mankind
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Non Musical Phenomenon
Civil Rights in America: This led to a rise in African-American Culture and representation in both classical and mainstream music.
The world wars: this led to several musicians leaving their homelands and traveling to different countries, causing cross-cultural influences on music.
Composers
Steve Riech (1937- ) and Philip Glass (1936-) These two men perfected the art of minimalist composing. Their work paved the way and provided examples and a basis for all subsequent minimalist composers to draw from.
Claude Debussy (1862-1918). Debussy was the most notable composer of the impressionist genre, with his works having transparency and extended harmony.
William Grant Still (1897-1978) Still was the first African American composer to have composed a major orchestra on tv and was also the first one to preform on radio. He was the figurehead of bringing African American culture and influence into the world of classical music.
Musical Movements
Minimalism: This was the process of using not a lot of music in the piece, but instead taking what little amount was present and repeating it with slight variations over time.
Primitivism: is the term for when composer write music that they think would be similar to something natives in a given country would have created. This is important in more of a pop-culture sense, as this technique has been used both in the past and today for documentaries or movies that involve a native population.
Technological music: After WWII, the rise of technology allowed for synthetic sounds to be created via computer and put into music. this allowed audiences to hear sounds in their music that had never previously been heard in that form
Major Works
Still's African American Symphony (1931) This symphony was televised and put on radio, and also was the first symphony ever to include African American culture or musical styles. This piece includes the AAB style of song usually seen in blues.
Copland's Appalachian Spring (1945) This piece was the first piece that used primitivism as its major style to win a Pulitzer Prize.
Stravinsky's Rite of Spring (1918): this was a perfect example of primitivism, and also was so dissonant and chaotic that it cause great anger among the audience.
Debussy's Clair De Lune (!905). This piece is the epitome of impressionism, with the harmony and sonority and texture over any specific direction.
(while we never discussed this piece by name in class, I went back to the recordings and saw that we had listened to a part of this when talking about Debussy).
Major Works
Berlioz's Symphony Fantastique (1830) This was a piece of program music, which featured 5 movements, instead of the usual 4
Liszt Un Spospro (1848) This piece by Franz Liszt was an etude, or a piece designed specifically to test one skill, in this case, it was hand movement
Chopin's Nocturne (1832) This piece was a character piece that was derived from a vocal style melody, featuring lots of rubato
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