Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Skeletal System Gladis Vazquez P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System Gladis Vazquez P.5
Names of Bones
Appendicular Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Skull: made up 22 bones; 8 cranial & 14 facial
Cranium: the head
Facial Skeleton
Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae
Sacrum & Coccyx
Thoracic Cage
Sternum
Types of Bones (& examples)
Skull
Frontal: anterior part of skull, above eyes
Parietal: roof sides of skull, behind frontal bone
Cranium
Occipital Bone: back of skull & base cranium
Temporal Bone: parts side & base of cranium
Sphenoid Bone: form base of cranium, sides skull & portions of orbit
Ethmoid Bone: front of sphenoid; features cribiform plates, middle nasal conchae
Facial
Maxillae: upper jaw, hard palalte, floor eye obits, sides nasal cavity
Palatine Bone: L-shaped bones located behind maxillae
Zygomatic Bone: cheekbone & lateral wall of orbit
Lacrimal Bone: medical walls of otbit
Nasal Bone: bridge of nose
Vomer Bone: portion if nasal septum
Inferior Nasal Conchae: scroll-shaped bones support mucous membranes
Mandible: aka lower jaw, support teeth
Anatomy of Long Bone
Proxmial Epiphysis
Spongy Bone
Epiphyseal Lines
Spaces containing red Marrow
Articular Cartilage
Diaphysis
Endosteum
Compact Bone
Medullary Cavity
Yellow Marrow
Periosteum
Distal Epiphysis
Femur
Bone Remodeling
Blood escapes from ruptured blood vessels and forms a hematoma
Spongy bone forms in regions close to developing blood vessels & fibrocartilage forms in more distant regions
a hard (bony) callus replaces the fibrocartilage
Osteclasts remove excess bony tissue restoring new bone structure much like the orginal
Bone Fracture and Repair
GreenStick: incomplete & break occurs on convex surface
Fissured: incomplete longitudinal break
Comminuted: complete & fragment bone
Transverse: complete & occurs at right angle to axis
Oblique: occurs at an angle other than a right angle to axis
Spiral: caused by excessive twisting
Joint and Examples
Flexion: bending parts, angle btw. them decreases
Extension: straigntening parts at a joint, so angle btw them increase
Lateral Flexion: bending the head, neck, trunck to the side
Hyperextension: strightening beyond the normal anatomical postion
Abduction: moving body parts away from midline
Adduction: moving body parts toward midline
Dorsiflexion: ankle movement that bring foot closer to shin
Plantar Flexion: ankle movement that moves foot farther from shin
Rotation: movement of a part around an axis
Pronation: rotation of forearm so palm is facing downward/posteriorly
Supination: rotation of forearm so palms are facing upward/anteriorly
Inversion: sole turning medially
Eversion: sole turning laterally
protraction: moving body forward
Elevation: raising a part of body
Depression: lowering a part of body
Movement Allowed in Synovial Joint
Ball&Socket - ball shaped head of one bone articulates w/cuppshaped cavity of another
Condylar - oval shaped condylar of one bone articulates w/ elliptical cavity of another
Plane - articulating surface are nearly flat or slightly curved
Hinge - convex surface of one bone articulates w/concave surface of another
Pivot - cylindrical surface of one bone articulates w/ring of bone & ligament
Saddle - surface have both concave & convex regions; surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another
Female & Male Differences
Female
Pelvic Girdle: lighter, thinner, less evidence of muscular attachments. obturator oramina are triangular. acetabula are smaller & pubic arch is wider
Pelvic Cavity: wider in all diameters & shorter, roomier, & less funnel shaped
Sacrum: wider & sacrum curvature is bent & more sharply posterior
Coccyx: more movable
Male
Pelvic Girdle obturator formina are oval
Coccyx: stiff than females