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Isomerism and its types Geometrical and Structural isomerism -…
Isomerism and its types Geometrical and Structural isomerism
Structural isomerism
(It is the isomerism which differs in structure in 2 dimensions of molecules having same formula or same carbon atoms)
5. Tautomerism
It is the isomerism which is concerned with transfer of proton(h atom) from one carbon to another.
3. Functional group isomerism
It is the isomerism in which carbon atoms are same but different functional group are present
2. Position isomerism
It is the isomerism in which carbon atoms are arranged are same but substituents are at different positions.
Phenol is the position isomer of benzene
carboxylic -- ester
alcohols --- ether
ketone -- aldehydes
4. Metamerism
It is the isomerism limited to molecules having functional groups. In this isomerism carbon atoms on both sides of functional groups are unequally distributed.
1. Chain isomerism
It is the isomerism in which carbon atoms are arranged differently, substituents are different
Stereoisomerism
(It is the isomerism which differs in structure orentiation in space)
1. Geometrical isomerism
This isomerism occurs in molecules having double bond when they don't move nor rotate.
As because the rotation is restrict it is further classified into two types into molecules exhibiting geometrical isomerism:
Cis : same atoms are present on same side of the molecule(either up or down) they are less unstable
Trans : same atoms are present on opposite side of the molecule they are more stable
2. Optical isomerism
This isomerism occurs in molecules having chiral centres. It is recognized by passing plain polarized light to detect the rotation.
optical isomerism has two isomers, if on passing light
If rotation is anticlockwise, these molecules are called dextrorotatory
If rotation is clockwise, these molecules are called levorotatory.
These two are mirror images whuch are non super imposable called enantiomers.