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Beauty In Balance and Balance In Beauty - Coggle Diagram
Beauty In Balance and Balance In Beauty
Equilibrium
It is the condition of a system when neither its state of motion, nor its internal energy state tends to changes with time
When all the forces and torques acting upon an object are balanced, the object is said to be in equilibrium.
Dynamic Equilibrium
If the body is moving with uniform velocity or rotating with uniform angular velocity then it is said to be in "dynamic equilibrium".
Example
The object is in dynamic equilibrium because it all the forces acting on it are balanced and it is moving with a constant velocity.
Static Equilibrium
If an object is at rest and is in a state of equilibrium, then we would say that the object is at "static equilibrium."
Example
The object is in static equilibrium because the forces acting on it are balanced and it is in a state of rest.
Conditions of Equilibrium
First Condition
The sum of vector forces/ net force acting on a body must be equal to zero. ∑F=0
In case of co-planer forces, this condition is expressed in terms of x and y components.
∑Fx=0 and ∑Fy=0
When first condition is satisfied, there is no linear acceleration, and body will be in translational equilibrium.
Second Condition
The vector sum of the torques/ net torque acting on a body about any arbitrary axis must be equal to zero. ∑τ=0
When second condition is satisfied, there is no angular acceleration and the body will be rotational equilibrium.
For a body to be in complete equilibrium, both conditions should be satisfied. Both linear and and angular acceleration should be zero.
Daily Life Examples of Equilibrium
A sea-saw is the best example of equilibrium. With the torque on one side being equal to the torque on the other side, the clockwise and anti-clockwise moments become equal. Therefore, the sea-saw is at equilibrium
Tug of War is another case of equilibrium. As long as both teams apply equal strength/ force, the rope doesn't move in either direction and equilibrium is attained.
A person walking on a tightrope with a long pole manages to do so by maintaining equilibrium between the two torques acting on the two ends of the pole.
When an object is at terminal velocity, the upward force on the object from air resistance is equal to the force of gravity. These equal, but opposing, forces cancel each other out and the net force is zero. This results in a zero acceleration, allowing the object to fall at a constant (terminal) velocity. Thus it is in a state of equilibrium.
A physical balance uses the rules of equilibrium as well. If both sides have an equal amount of mass/ weight, the net torque will be zero and both sides will be balanced.
