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Mendelian and Extensions of Mendelian Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Mendelian and Extensions of Mendelian Genetics
Modern genetic terminology
alleles
Homozygous alleles
Identical alleles for a specific gene
Heterozygous alleles
non-identical alleles for a specific gene
Dominant alleles
Alleles of a gene that can mask other traits
Recessive alleles
Alleles of a gene that can be masked by a dominant allele
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the organisms or other characteristics. The result of the genes
Genotype
The allelic complement of the organism, the genes
law of Mandel
Law of segregation
he two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.
Law of independent assortment
genes are packaged into gametes in all possible allelic combinations, as long as each gamete has one allele for each gene
Extensions of Mendelian Genetics
Incomplete dominance
For some genes, however, neither allele is completely dominant, and the F1hybrids have a phenotype somewhere between those of the two parental varieties
Codominance
the two alleles each affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
Multiple alleles
Only two alleles exist for the pea characters that Mendel studied, but most genes exist in more than two allelic forms
Sex-limited inheritance
Traits that occur only in one of the two sexes and are generally autosomal traits that are visible only in one sex
Sex-influenced inheritance
Some traits appear to be specific in one sex, but are not sex-linked: their genes are not on the X chromosome, controlled by a pair of chromosome
Sex-linked inheritance
genes that are found on one of the two types of sex chromosomes but NOT on both