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Ecology of the Socialization, Outcomes of Socialization, Agents of…
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Socialization Processes
biological factors
genetics, evolution hormones
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Experience-expectant (neural connections) develop under genetic influence independent of experience, activity, or stimulation
sociocultural factors
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experience-dependent (neural connections) develop in response to experience. This mutual facilitation between the environment and the brain is thought to be significant in learning to adapt.
Example: a child’s language development depends on being spoken to and participating in conversation, beginning with eye contact, then babbling, single words, and finally sentences.
interactive factors
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Individual life history
Example: a child exposed to extreme stress, such as maltreatment, war, or natural disaster, may be at risk for developmental problems
children may be resilient in the face of adversity due to their biology or supportive social networks in their lives.
Example: a child with a difficult temperament may react rebelliously to parental demands for compliance
Aims of Socialization
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Self- regulation
involves the ability to control one’s impulses, behavior, and/or emotions until an appropriate time, place, or object is available for expressing them
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