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1.3 Interpret Reference model of OSI and TCP/IP - Coggle Diagram
1.3 Interpret Reference model of OSI and TCP/IP
Communication Fundamentals
Message Source
Transmitter
Transmission Medium
Receiver
Message Destination
Main elements of data communication systems
Message
Sender
Receiver
Transmission Medium
Protocol
Rule Establishment
Protocols are necessary for effective communication and include:
An identified sender and receiver
Common language and grammar
Speed and timing of delivery
Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements
Protocols used in network communications also define
Message encoding
Message delivery options
Unicast Message
Multicast Message
Broadcast Message
Message Formatting and Encapsulation
Message Timing
Access Method
Flow Control
Response Timeout
Message Size
break long messages into smaller parts or
sentences
Communication methods
Source (Sender)
Destination (Receiver)
Channel (Media)
1.3.2 Why protocols are necessary in network communication
Rules that Govern Communications
Protocol suites are implemented by hosts and networking devices in software, hardware or both.
Among the protocols for successful human
communication are:
Identification of sender and receiver
Agreed-upon medium or channel (face-to-face, telephone, letter, photograph)
Appropriate communication mode (spoken, written,
illustrated, interactive or one-way)
Common language
Grammar and sentence structure
Speed and timing of delivery
Network Protocols
The role of protocols
How the message is formatted or structured
The process by which networking devices share information about pathways with other networks
How and when error and system messages are passed between devices
The setup and termination of data transfer sessions
Protocol Interaction
HTTP
TCP
IP
Ethernet
Protocol Suites and Industry Standards
The TCP/IP protocol suite is an open standard, the protocols are freely available, and any vendor is able to implement these protocols on their hardware or in their software.
Development of TCP/IP
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (APRANET) was the predecessor to today's internet
TCP/IP Communication Process
The webserver prepares the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) page. The HTTP application layer protocol sends the data to the transport layer.
The transport layer breaks the data into segments and identifies each.
Next the IP source and destination addresses are added, creating an IP packet.
The Ethernet information is then added creating the Ethernet Frame, or data link frame.
When receiving the data link frames from the web server, the client processes and removes each protocol header in the opposite order it was added:
First the Ethernet header is
removed
Then the IP header
Then the Transport layer header
Finally the HTTP information is processed and sent to the client’s web browser
1.3.3 How the TCP/IP model and the OSI model are used to facilitate standardization in the communication process
The Benefits of Using a Layered Model
Assisting in protocol design since protocols at each layer have defined functions.
Preventing technology changes in one layer from affecting other layers.
Fostering competition because product from different vendors can work together.
Providing a common language to describe networking function and capabilities
The OSI Reference Model
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Physical
Data Link
OSI Model and TCP/IP Model Comparison
Similarities
Share similar architecture
Share a common application layer
Both models have comparable transport and network layers
Knowledge of both models is required by networking professionals
Differences
Protocol standard
Combines the presentation and session layer issues into its application layer
Combines the OSI data link and physical layers into the network access layer
A simpler model
The TCP/IP Protocol Model
Created in the early 1970s for internetwork communications.
Open Standard
Also called the TCP/IP model or the Internet Model