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Skeletal Arianna Reyes P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal Arianna Reyes P.1
Types of Bones
Flat Bones
Flat shaped with no rounded edges that are made up of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone
Short Bones
Roughly cube shaped and is mostly spongy bone
Irregular Bones
Complex shapes with notched or ridged surfaces that have a very thin layer of compact bone
Long Bones
Bone with shaft (diaphysis) and has two ends (epiphysis), and contains the medullary
Compact Bone
Dense outer layer that looks smooth which contains small spaces called the lacunae
Spongy Bone
Honey comb and needle like pieces called trabeculae
Anatomy of Long Bone
The ends of the long bone are called epiphysis which is topped with articular cartilage, and the shaft is called the diaphysis
The shaft is called the Medullary cavity which contains compact bone and yellow bone marrow
Outside of the shaft is made up of spongy bone lined by a layer of compact bone
Bone Remodeling
-Bone remodeling takes place at the surface of periosteum and endosteum
-Remodeling units consist of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
-Osteoclasts digs grooves as the matrix breaks up
-Converts calcium salts to soluble forms
-Secretes lysosomal enzymes and protons
-Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix which is called bone deposists
Bone Fracture Repair
Hematoma Formation
The blood vessels hemorrhage and can be identified if the site is swollen or painful
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
Capillaries grow into hematoma and fibroblasts, cartilage, and osteogenic begin to repair
Bony Callus Formation
The callus eventually becomes a bony callus of spongy bone
Bone Remodeling
Begins during bony callus formation where compact bone is laid down to form shaft walls
Joints
Fibrous
No joint activity; joined by dense fibrous connective tissue and is mostly immovable
Sutures
are rigid, interlocking joints
Syndemoses
is connected by ligaments/bands of fibrous tissue
Gomphoses
are peg-in-socket joints
Cartilaginous
No joint activity; united by cartilage
Synchondroses
is the bar or plate of hyaline cartilage that unites the bone
Symphyses
is the fibrocartilage that unites bone to the symphysis joint
Synovial
Separated by fluid filled joint cavity
Movements Allowed by Synovial Joints
Plane
Movement occurs when flat surfaces glide on another
Hinge
Allows motion in one plane; ex. elbow
Pivot
Allows rotational motion; ex. shaking head to yea or no
Condylar
Less significant rotation; ex. wrist
Saddle
Allows all motion except rotation; ex. thumb
Ball-and-Socket
Allows motion in all directions; ex. shoulders
Differences Between Male and Female Skeleton
Female Skeleton
-Smaller frontal bone
-Smaller temporal bones
-Smaller mandible
-llium flared
-Shorter long bones
-Larger pelvic cavity
Male Skeleton
-Longer arm bones
-Male torso is shorter
-Shoulders wider
-Larger skull
Disorders
Osteomalacia
When bones are poorly mineralized can result in weak bones
Rickets
Results in bowed legs; the legs are inclined towards each other and ankles cannot touch
Osteoporosis
Group of diseases where bone resorption exceeds deposit
Paget's Disease
Excessive and haphazard deposit and resorption leads to fast growing bone to develop poorly
Names of all the Bones
Cranium (Skull)
Mandible (Jaw)
Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar vertebrae (Spine)
Ribs (Rib cage)
Sacrum (Tailbone)
Pelvis
Femur, Fibula, and Tibia (Leg)
Tarsals (Ankle)
Metatarsals and phalanges toes (Foot and toes)
Patella (Knee)
Carpals (Wrist)
Metacarpals and phalanges (Fingers and Hand)
Ulna and Radius (Lower Arm)
Humerus (Elbow/Upper arm)
Scapula (Shoulder blade)
Clavicle (Collar bone)
