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Environmental Studies Ch. 1-4, Main Topics, Main Topics, Main Topics, Main…
Environmental Studies Ch. 1-4
Ch. 1: Science and the Environment
Ch. 2: Economics, Politics, and Public Policy
Ch. 3: Basic Needs of Living Things
Ch. 4: Populations and Communities
Main Topics
The globe should pursue a sustainable society. Through methods developed by the scientific method, sound science can be used to solve and prevent problems.
Environmentalist's Paradox: Human well-being has been steadily increasing while the overall health of ecosystems has been decreasing.
Rachel Carson wrote a book named
Silent Spring
that led to the creation of the EPA.
Ecosystem goods and services are the items from nature that are granted to the people of earth.
The acts of stewardship are one of the biggest ways that humans can maintain a healthy environment.
The Human Development Index has become a measurement of human well-being to monitor any changes being made.
She was mainly against the use of DDT because it was leeching into the animal tissue and lowering the overall populations.
It's important that resources are harvested and used in a fashion that does not deplete the total stock.
Main Topics
It's important that politicians begin to see the need for a green economy so that the wealth of a nation can be upheld without issue.
The economy and the government play a part in the changes that can be reasonably made to benefit our health and the environment.
The three main branches of government in the U.S. that are in place to establish laws and uphold them are the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Keeping the cost-benefit analysis of any change is crucial when adjusting policies to improve the health of our environment.
Over the years, the health of our planet has been slightly improved (the damage isn't being done as quickly).
Using produced capital, natural capital, intangible capital, and social capital, a country's wealth and stability can be measured. The best measurement is the Geniune Progress Indicator.
There are multiple environmental problems that contribute to the downfall of the environment. Some of these issues have direct impacts on the lives of humans.
The policy life cycle describes the usual path that an issue follows when it is introduced to the public. The four stages are the recognition stage, formulation stage, implementation stage, and the control stage.
Main Topics
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite functions. Photosynthesis is how plants make cellulose for energy, and cellular respiration is how animals use energy from organic molecules.
Ecology is the study of all processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms.
Linnaean Taxonomy is a method of classifying the different forms of the world around us. From top to bottom, the hierarchy is Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, then Species.
The four main spheres are the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and the biosphere.
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another. In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost.
Four major cycles of elements within the biosphere: carbon cycle, phosphorous cycle, nitrogen cycle, and sulfur cycle.
There are eight levels of ecology. From smallest to largest, the order is species, population, community and abiotic factors, ecosystem, ecotone, landscape, biome, and the biosphere.
The law of limiting factors applies to every species. It states that species have an optimal range, zones of stress, and limits of tolerance with respect to every abiotic factor, and these characteristics vary between species.
Main Topics
The critical number of a species is the number that is accepted as the lowest possible number of organisms within a population without threatening or endangering a species.
Population growth can be measured in curves known as a J-curve and S-curve.
R-strategists have a large number of offspring, barely take care of the young, and are commonly opportunistic. K-strategists have a small number of offspring, take care of the young, and are equilibrial species.
Density-dependent limits increase as a population density increases, and a density-independent limit has effects that are independent of the size of the population.
Top-down control is population control through predation, and bottom-up control is population control through the availability of some resource.
When a population is growing at the same rate it is dying, the population is said to be in equilibrium.
Environmental resistance affects a populations ability to thrive.
Survivorship or life histories: Type I is that of a human, with small amounts of offspring but long lifespan. Type II is slightly more offspring but a slightly shorter lifespan. Type III is a large number of offspring but a very short lifespan.