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Skeletal System Vincent Peek Vallejo Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System Vincent Peek Vallejo Period 1
Names of all the bones
Cranium (Skull)
Mandible (Jaw)
Cervical vertebrae (Neck)
Clavicle (collarbone)
Scapula (shoulder blade)
Sternum(Chest)
Ribs
Humerus (Arm)
Thoracic Vertebrae (Mid back)
Lumbar Vertebrae (Lower back)
Radius (Outer arm)
Ulna (Inner arm)
Carpals (Wrist)
Pelvis (Private area)
Metacarpals (fingers)
Phalanges (fingers)
Femur (Leg)
Patella (Kneecap)
Fibula (Outer leg)
Tibia (Inner leg)
Tarsals (Ankle)
Metatarsals (Toes)
Phalanges (Toes)
Anatomy of the long bone
diaphysis
Tubular shaft that runs between the ends of the bones
epiphysis
The wider part on the ends of the bone are filled with spongey bone and carry red bone marrow
Bone remodeling
Happens throughout the whole lifecycle of humans
Resorption is when osteoclasts destroy old bone
Osteoblasts lay down new bone where the old bone was destroyed
Bone fracture repair
1) Hematoma forms where the break occured
2) Fibrocartilaginous callus forms
3) Bony callus forms
4) Bone remodeling and formation of compact bone
Types of bones
Flat
A thin layer of spongey bone between two layers of compact bone in a flap shape
Example: Rib bones
Irregular
Vary in shape and structure, usually have a very complex shape
Example: Skull bones
Short
Shaped roughly like a cube and contains mostly spongey bone
Example: Carpals
Long
Has a shaft and two ends longer than it is wide
Example: Femur
Joints(and examples)
Ball and socket joint
The round surface of one bone fits into the depression in another bone
Example: Femur
Hinge joint
Two or more bones with articular surfaces
Example: Fingers
Condyloid joint
The surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone
Example: Elbow
Pivot joint
One bone rotates within a ring that is formed by a second bone and adjoining ligament
Example: Neck
Gliding joint
Two bones are flat or nearly flat allowing them to slide across eachother
Example: Vertebrae
Saddle joint
Both bones have concave-convex articular surfaces which connect like two saddles
Example: The base of your thumb
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
gliding
Two bones are flat or nearly flat allowing them to slide across each other
Example: Vertebrae
angular
When the angle of a joint increases or decreases
Example: Elbow
rotational
Bones that rotate around their longitudinal axis
Example: Vertebrae
special movement
Other movement in all direcitons
Example: Ball and Socket joint
Differences between male and female skeleton
Hips are bigger and wider in women for childbirth
Female skeletons are smoother
Male skeletons are bigger in most areas to accommodate for more muscle than women
Disorders
Osteoporosis
Makes bones weak and even hollow, allows for easy breaks and fractures
Paget's Disease
Bone remodeling is disrupted and bones end up weaker instead of stronger
Rickets
Very weak bones that can cause deformities and pain in infants
Hip Dysplasia
The ball and socket joint between the leg and hip does not form correctly in infants
Scoliosis
The spine twists and curves perminately