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Skeletal System, Nathan Berio, P.6 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System, Nathan Berio, P.6
Anatomy of the long bone
All long bones have a shaft (diaphysis), bone ends (epiphyses), and membranes Between diaphysis and epiphysis is epiphysealline–Remnant of childhood epiphysealplatewhere bone growth occurs
Diaphysis: tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone–Consists of compact bone surrounding central medullary cavity that is filled with yellow marrow in adults
Epiphyses: ends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally–Articular cartilage covers articular (joint) surfaces
Growth of Long Bones
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Near end of adolescence, chondroblasts divide less often•Epiphyseal plate thins, then is replaced by bone•Epiphyseal plate closureoccurs when epiphysis and diaphysis fuse
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Disorders
Osteomalacia and rickets
Osteomalacia –Bones are poorly mineralized–Osteoid is produced, but calcium salts not adequately deposited–Results in soft, weak bones–Pain upon bearing weight
Rickets (osteomalacia of children) –Results in bowed legs and other bone deformities because bones ends are enlarged and abnormally long–Cause: vitamin D deficiency or insufficient dietary calcium
Osteoporosis
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Matrix remains normal, but bone mass declines
–Spongy bone of spine and neck of femur most susceptible
--Vertebral and hip fractures common
Risk factors for osteoporosis–Most often aged, postmenopausal women - Affects 30% of women aged 60–70 years and 70% by age 80
Additional risk factors for osteoporosis:–Insufficient exercise to stress bones–Diet poor in calcium and protein–Smoking–Genetics–Hormone-related conditions
Traditional treatments▪Calcium▪Vitamin D supplements▪Weight-bearing exercise▪Hormone replacement therapy
Preventing osteoporosis –Plenty of weight-bearing exercise–Plenty of calcium in diet in early adulthood–Reduce consumption of carbonated beverages and alcohol
Paget’s disease
Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption cause bone to grow fast and develop poorly–Called Pageticbone–Very high ratio of spongy to compact bone and reduced mineralization
Usually occurs in spine, pelvis, femur, and skull
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