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Rov Loren Aniceto P.6 Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Rov Loren Aniceto P.6
Skeletal System
Bones
Skull
Temporal(sides of the skull)
Zygomatic(cheek bones)
Occipital Bone(back of the skull)
Mandible(lower jaw)
Frontal Bone(Forehead)
Maxillae(upper jaw)
Lacrimal Bone
Hyoid Process
Ethmoid Bone(Supports nasal cavity)
Parietal Bone
Sphenoid Bone(Wasp bone)
Upper Limbs
Clavicle
Metacarpal
Carpal
Phalanges(fingers)
Radius
Ulna
Humerus
Scapula(shoulder bone)
Vertebral
Cervical(Top)
Atlas(C1)
Axis(C2)
Thoracic(Middle)
Lumbar(Bottom)
Lower Limb
Patella(knee cap)
Tibia
Tarsals
Fibula
Metatarsals
Femur
Phalanges(toes)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Coxal(hip bones)
Thoracic cage
Clavicle(Collarbone)
Scapula(Shoulder Blade)
Ribs
True Ribs(1-7)
False Ribs(8-12)
Floating Ribs
Sternum
Manubrim
Body
Xiphoid Process
Types of bones
Short Bone
Cube-shaped(ex. Patella)
Flat
Thin, flat, slight curve(ex. sternum, scapula, ribs, skull bones)
Long Bone
longer than wide(ex. limbs)
Irregular
Complicated shapes(ex. vertebrae & hip bones)
Anatomy of the long bone
Epiphysis
Proximal
Articular Cartilage
Spongy bone
Epiphyseal plate
Red bone marrow
Distal
Articular cartilage
Diaphysis
Periosteum
Yellow bone marrow
Compact bone
Endosteum
Nutrient artery
Bone Remodeling & Fracture Repair
Bone Remodeling
Occurs in periosteum & endosteum
Resorption: Osteoclasts
Secrete enzymes & protons that digest matrix
Dig depressions & break down matrix
Bone Deposit:: Osteoblasts
New bone matrix is deposited
Fracture repair
Fibrocart. Callus
Create cartilage matrix, cells begin recon. of bone
Bony Callus Form.
Callus converted to 2 months
Hematoma
Blood Vessels form mass of blood
Remodeling
Occurs during formation, excess material is removed, compact bone is laid
Joints
Cartilaginous
Sychondroses
Bar or plate of hyaline cartilage, unites bone, synarthrotic(immovable)
Symphyses
Fibrocartilage unites in bone in symphyses joint, Hyaline cartilage present as articular cartilage on bony surface, amphiarthrotic(slightly movable)
Synovial
Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity, Diarthrotic(Freely movable), almost all limb joints
Fibrous
Syndemoses
Bones connected by ligament bands of fibrous tissue
Gomphoses
Peg-in-socket joints
Suture
Rigid, interlocking joints of skull, protect skull, immovable
Movements in Synovial Joints
R of M
Non axial: Slipping Movement
Biaxial: 2 Plane
Uniaxial: 1 plane
Multiaxial: In or around all 3 planes
Gen. Movements
Gliding
One bone slips on a similar surface
Angular
Increase or decrease angle between 2 bones and is on the sagittal plane
Abduction(Away from ML) or Adduction(Towards ML)
Circumduction(Involves all)
Flexion(Decrease) or Extension(Increase)
Rotation
Turning of bone around its own long axis, toward midline or away from it
Difference in Male & Female bones
The female is shaped to provide sufficient space to give birth from, and is reflected in its relation to other parts. Also, female bones tend to stay smaller than males during growth.
Disorders
Osteoporosis
Bone Resorption exceed deposit, bone mass declines (ex. mostly vertebral column)
Paget's Disease
Excessive & haphazard bone deposit and resorption cause bone to grow fast (ex. spine, pelvis, femur, & skull)
Osteomalacia(1) & Rickets(2)
(1)Bones poorly mineralized, Osteoid production, calcium salts not adequate deposit
(2)Vitamin D deficiency/insufficient dietary calcium