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Environmental Science (ch1), Framework, Economics, Politics & Public…
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Framework, Economics, Politics & Public Policy (ch2)
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Two types of economic systems
- Centrally planned: rulers decide (dictatorship)
- Free Market: market decides what will be exchanged (capitalist)
Economics: Social science involving production, distribution, consumption of goods & services with theory & management of economic system
Sustainable Economy
-Human well-being is important with no growth at all costs
-Preserves ecosystem resources & services instead of using them for capital
-Precautionary principle in terms of emerging technologies
A "Green" Economy
Accounts for types of capital:
1.Produced capital
2.Natural capital
3.Intangible capital
-Broken into human, social & knowledge capital
Measure economic progress:
- Gross National Product (GNP)
2.Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
3.Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) :
environmental economists means of measuring economic progress
-Measures economic sustainability
Economics vs. Environment: A case study of growth in china in the 21st century
(Yellow river = chemicals)
Policy Life Cycle: Predictable course of policy development in democratic societies
1.Recognition: indoor air pollution Urban Sprawl
2.Formulation: Global Warming nuclear waste
3.Implementation: Renewable energy acid deposition & Ozone depletion municipal wastes air pollution
4.Control: Sewerage water treatment contagious diseases
CFC Case Study: Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)
-Released into the environment --> Stratosphere
-Two chemists, Mario Molina & Sherwood Rowland, discovered effects on the ozone layer
Policies in the US:
Federal Level Policies
-Agency: Environmental Protection (EPA)
-Regulation Ex: Clean water & air acts
State & Local Level Policies
-Agency: Dept. of Environmental Protection (DEP) in NJ
-Regulation Ex: Pay as you throw, plastic bags outlawed in CA, returnable bottle laws, NJ freshwater wetlands protection act, ect.
Policy & Economic Effects
Environmental Protection:
-Help us protect & restore our planet
-Does not diminish wealth
-Creates industry jobs
Cost-Benefit Analysis
-Examines need & cost-effectiveness of proposed regulations
-Accounts for External Cost --> Effect of process not included in usual profit/loss calculations
-use cost-benfit ratio
Careful Studies have found:
1.Pollution control costs add value
2.Few jobs layoffs environmentally related
3.Environmental regulation related to job growth
4.Healthier workers are more productive
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