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The 18th century: the Enlightenment, image, image, image, image, image,…
The 18th century: the Enlightenment
It was a time of transition
between the Early Modern Age and the Modern Age in Europe
important changes took place
contributed to the collapse of the Ancien Régime
Englightenment
was an important intellectual movement
a new way of thinking
emerged in Europe
Enlightenment thinkers criticised the political and social structures of the Ancien Régime
Enlightenment thought
reason is the only real source of knowledge
learning and teaching are essential
science and technological progress would lead to economic growth
equality and liberty are crucial
Enlightenment ideas were spread
books
newspapers
academies
salons
Enlightenment thinkers
D'Alembert and Diderot
created The encyclopedia
The political ideas of Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers
wanted to abolish the estates system
make all citizens equal before the law
didn't support absolute monarchy
they proposed measures to limit its powers
popular sovereignty.
separation of powers
Montesquieu
argued for the separation of powers
Voltaire
favoured a strong monarchy
Rousseau
introduced the idea of popular sovereignty
The economy ideas of the Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers
rejected mercantilism
advocated a new economic doctrine
physiocracy
is the belief that the wealth of a nation derives from its natural resources
Physiocrats believed that
agriculture is a country's main source of wealth
raftsmanship and trade are secondary activities
absolute monarchs, should not intervene in the economy
Economic liberalism
a new economic doctrine (18th century)
was based on the ideas Adam Smith (Scottish)
The principle
the state shouldn't intervene in the processes of production
it should allow individual business owners to create wealth
economic liberals argued for
free competition
free trade
freedom of production
