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Heidi Ochoa P.1: Skeletal - Coggle Diagram
Heidi Ochoa P.1: Skeletal
Skull: Frontal, pareitel, occipital, temporal, sphenoid,maxila, zygomatic, Nasal
Axial: Skull, spine (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), ribs (true, and false), pelvic bone.
Hands and feet:
Hands- carpals, metacarpals and phalanges.
Feet- Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
Apendicular: (arms and legs) Arms- scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna Legs- femurs, patella, tibia, fibula
Pelvic bone: ilium, ischium, pubis
Anatomy of long bone
the diaphysis and the epiphysis. The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The medullary cavity ( hollow part) contains yellow bone marrow.
Types of bones
Long bones has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of the arms and legs
Short bones:has a squat, cubed shape. Examples include the bones that make up the wrists and the ankles.
Flat bones: has a flattened, broad surface. Examples include ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones.
Irregular bones :has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. Examples include the bones of the spine
Bone Remodeling
resorption, during which osteoclasts digest old bone. osteoblasts lay down new bone until the reabsorbed bone is completely replaced.
Bone Fracture repair
!. Formation of the hemotoma
2.formation of fibrocatiliage callous
3.Formation of bony callous
4.remodeling of compact bone
Joints
Ball and socket: Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip joints, allow backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements
Hinge Joints:Hinge joints, such as in the fingers, knees, elbows, and toes, allow only bending and straightening movements.
Pivot Joints:Pivot joints, such as the neck joints, allow limited rotating movements.
Saddle joint: adduction and abduction
Condylar Joints: flexion and extension, adduction and abduction
Plane Joint: flat, glides
Movements allowed by synovial joints
Gliding: Moving <-- and -->
Angular movements:
Flexation- decrease angle of joints
Extension- Increase angle
Hyper-extension- movement beyond anatomical position
Abduction- movement along frontal plane away from mid
Adduction-along frontal plane, toward midline
Circumduction- involves flexation, extension, and adduction
Rotation: turn of bone on long axis toward/ away from mid
Medial: Toward mid
Lateral: rotation away from mid
Disorders
Osteomalacia: poorly mineralized, calcium salts not properly deposited, weak bones
Osteoporosis : bone re absorption exceed deposit
Pagets disease: excessive bone deposit and resorption causes bone to grow fast and develop poorly
Difference between male and female
The adult male pelvis is narrower and less flare. The adult female pelvis is usually broader and exhibits a round pelvic inlet