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Skeletal System Marisol Gomez period 1 -…
Skeletal System Marisol Gomez period 1
Types of Bones:
Long Bones: Longer than wide and limb bones.
Short Bones: Cube shaped bones, vary in size and numbers
Flat Bones: Thin, flat, slightly curved.
Irregular Bones: Complicated shapes, vertebrae and hip bones.
Joints:
cartilaginous Joints: Synchondrosis, bar or plate in hyaline cartilage. Almost all immovable. EX: temporary plate joints. Symphysis: Strong joints
Synovial Joints: ^ types of joints, hinge, ball and socket, condylar, saddle, pivot, and plane.
Fibrous Joints: Sutures, interlock joints of skull and they ossify and fuse once you age. Syndesmoses, bones connected by ligaments, bands, or fibrous tissue. Gomphoses, peg in socket joints.
Bones
Coccyx
Cervical vertebrae
Xephnoid process
Sternum
Sacrum
Coxal Hip
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone
Occipital Bone
Temporal Bone
Orbital
Maxilla
Mandible
Ribs
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Tibia
Fibula
Metacarpal
Carpals
Patella
Phalanges
Metatarsak
Tarsal
Ephnoid
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Bone Remodeling:
Made up of deposit and resorption
Osteoclasts coordinate remodeling process
Resorption is function of osteoclast
Occurs at surface of both periosteum and endosteum
Bone Fracture Repair:
Closed Reduction: manipulates correct position
Open reduction: Surgical pins or wires that secure the ends
Immobilization: Bone by cast or traction required for healing. Also need time to repair, but it depends on the type of fracture.
Movements allowed by synovial Joints
Nonaxial: Slipping only
Biaxial: movement in 2 planes
unaxial: movement in one plane
Multiaxial: movement in all 3 planes.
Gliding: One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface. EX: intertarsal joints
Flexion: Decrease angle of joint
Extension: Increase in angle.
Hyperextension: movement beyond anatomical position
Abduction: along frontal, away midline
Adduction, along front, toward midline
Circumduction: Movements that traces a circle and arm traces it.
Rotation: turn bone around its own long axis toward midline or away.
Medial: toward midline
Lateral: away from midline
Suplination: palm face anteriorly
Pronation: palm face anteriorly
dorisflextion: bending foot toward sin
plantar flexion: pointing toes
Inversion: sole offeet, medially
eversion: sole of foot laterally
potraction: mandible juts out
Retraction: mandible pulled to neck
elevation: lifting body part superiorly
depression: lowering body part
opposition: movement of thum
Disorders:
Osteomalacia: bones poorly mineralized, soft weak bones.
Rickets: bowed legs and other bone deformities, bones are enlarged and abnormally long.
Paget Disease: excessive bone deposit and resorption . bone grows too fast
osteoporosis: bone resorption exceeds deposit
Long Bone
Made up diaphysis: Tubular, forms long axis . Compact bone
Epiphyses: end of long bones, compact bone externally and spongy bone internally.
Epiphyseal line: In between the diaphysis and epiphysis. bone growth occurs.