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Folklore
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Health Care - Coggle Diagram
Folklore
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Health Care
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Healers/
Physicians
Modern medicine: cause of disease is "germs" (T.C. Kültüre, 2021)
Quinine/cocaine as pain medication, was used by folk medicine previously (T.C. Kültüre, 2021) 
First morphine compound created by German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner from opium plant (Yuan et al, 2016)
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In Turkey, "old women" are traditional physicians (T.C. Kültüre, 2021)
Hippocrates: "father of Modern Medicine" (460-377 BCE) based medicine on clinical/rational conclusions rather than religious ones (Yapijakis, 2009)
Pythagorean theory: Four Humors
Asclepiades (124-40 BCE) first physician to establish Greek Medicine in Rome (Yapijakis, 2009)
Favored naturalistic therapeutic methods, such as "music therapy" (Kleisieris et al, 2014)
First to separate disease into acute and chronic (Yapijakis, 2009)
Native American: "Medicine Man/Woman", shaman, herbalist, etc. Healers closely related to religion/spirits (Johnston, 2002)
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Religion
Religion and medicine closely related, spiritual & religious dimensions have diverged from medicine
Spirituality and religion increasingly popular in biomedicine. Can help improve recovery from illness (Romeo et al, 2015)
Saints, Holy Water. Blessed Oil, Religious objects. Contact, Signs, Formulas, Religious Calendar (Romeo et al, 2015)
People entrust The Holy Spirit, God, Jesus, Mary and the Saints to heal themselves from diseases with prayers or acts of devotion (Romeo et al, 2015)
Superstitions
Magic/witchcraft very common in folk medicine
Renaissance era witches created mind-altering botanical salves/ointments to turn people into animals, make them invisible, make them fly, etc. (Piomelli & Pollio, 1994)
"Black" magic did harm by using poisonous herbs for revenge or personal gain (Deetjen, 1934)
"White" magic healed injuries, alleviated pain, restore health using herbs (Deetjen, 1934)
Folk medicine: cause of disease is magical/supernatural (T.C. Kültüre, 2021)
Navajo Indians: rituals to bring balance/harmony to community or individual (Johnston, 2002)
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70% of Africans turn to charms and witchery to treat their illness (Taher et al, 2020)
Ancient belief in the "Evil Eye" occurs in many present-day traditions (Britannica, 2013)