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THE 18TH CENTURY: ENLIGHTENMENT, image, image - Coggle Diagram
THE 18TH CENTURY: ENLIGHTENMENT
18th century
time of transitions
Early Modern Age
Modern Age
Enlightenment
an important intellectual movement and a new way of thinking that emerged in Europe
Enlightenment thinkers criticised the political and social structures of the Ancien Régime
main principles of Enlightenment
reason is the only real source of knowledge
science and technological progress would lead to economic growth
learning and teaching are essential
equality and liberty are crucial
the political ideas of the enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers wanted to abolish the estates system
did not support absolute monarchy and they proposed measures to limit its powers
Montesquieu argued for the separation of powers
Voltaire favoured a strong monarchy
Rousseau introduced the idea of popular sovereignty
the economic ideas of the enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers rejected mercantilism
Physiocracy
the belief that the wealth of a nation derives from its natural resources
agriculture is a country's main source of wealth
craftsmanship and trade are secondary activities
absolute monarchs, should not intervene in the economy
ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
new economic doctrine called economic liberalism emerged
state should not intervene in the processes of production or exchange of goods
economic liberals argued for
free trade
free competition
freedom of production for business owners
