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Theories on development - Coggle Diagram
Theories on development
Modernisation
modernisation theory was developed, which aimed to provide a specifically non-communist solution to poverty in the developing world
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Modernisation theory explained the underdevelopment of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America primarily in terms of cultural ‘barriers’ to development’, basically arguing that developing countries were underdeveloped because their traditional values held them back; other modernisation theorists focused more on economic barriers to development.
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Neoliberal
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It focuses on economic policies and institutions which are seen as holding back development because they limit the free market.
Neoliberals argue that governments prevent development – When governments get too large they restrict the freedom of dynamic individuals who drive development forwards
Neoliberals are also critical of the role of Western aid money – They point to the many corrupt African dictatorships which emerged in Africa in the 1960s -1980s – These were often propped up by aid money from Western governments and during this period billions of dollars were siphoned off into the pockets of government officials in tho
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DEpendancy
Andre Gunder Frank (1971) argues that developing nations have failed to develop not because of ‘internal barriers to development’ as modernization theorists argue, but because the developed West has systematically underdeveloped them, keeping them in a state of dependency
Stealing land and resources which decimated local populations through slavery, disease and displacement of local populations
Increasing ethnic conflict by selecting one ‘pro-European group’ to govern over all other ethnic groups in the territories.
Turning the colonies into mono-crop plantation systems, dependent on low value agricultural exports, which hampered their development post-independenc
Dependency Theory argued that developing countries should seek to break away from the world capitalist system and find their own path way to development – mainly through socialism – development through socialism means countries focus on their own development, seeking to produce everything for themselves rather than integrating into a global trade system.