Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
theories of globalisisation - Coggle Diagram
theories of globalisisation
Globalists
Globalists argue that globalization is a fact that is having real consequences for the way that people and organizations operate.
They believe that nation states and local cultures are being eroded by homogenous global culture and economy
However globalists are not united on the consequences of such a process
Hyperglobalists
Hyper globalists welcome such developments and suggest globalisation will eventually produce tolerant and responsible world citizens.
Sen(2002) suggests globalisation represents positive representations of society.
Llosa suggests that much of war and conflict is caused by local cultural differences, and globalisation solves this problem.
Friedman, have argued that globalisation occurs as a global adoption of neo liberal economic policies.
All countries need to fit in if they are to achieve success.
Countries are locked into a straightjacket
Globalisation results from governments adopting laissez faire attitude and free trade policies from the 1980 onwards.
Pessimistic globalism
Chang and seabrook argue that globalisation is negative as it forms somewhat of a western imperialism
Chang takes issue twitch neo-liberal perspective as it paints the picture that globalisation benefits all, when in actuality in only benefits rich countries
Chang refers to the world bank, img and two as unholy alliances.
These companies can use their combined power to exploit smaller countries.
Globalisation implies that the western standard of living is superior .
Pessimistic globalists are concerned about the media and its concentration.
Globalisation may then undermine and destroy rich cultures.
Marxist
**World system theory
Marxists are unhappy with the explanatory power of dependency theory
Globalisation is not a phenomenon, and is instead an important part of capitalism.
Individual countries or nation states are not an adequate unit of sociological analysis, an overall socialist system must transcend.
Capitalism has created a world order.
Wallerstein bui;ds upon dependency theory by suggesting that the MWS is characterised by an international division of labour
There are three capitalist zones:
Core
Semi-periphery
periphery
Wallerstien argues that countries are mobile in this hierarchy
Most countries are blocked from moving up by the top countries, who look to avoid competition
MWS constantly evolves in order to search for profit
Assessing WSM
The main problem with world system theory is that.as with marxism generally, is that it is guilty of reductionism.
It assumes that the economy is driving all other aspects of the system.
Bergesen argues that it was military conquest and the political manipulation of local peoples that imposed economic dependency on the developing nations.
Wallerstein's concepts on core and peripheral countries are vague and cannot be measured or tested. There's no way to judge which countries are in which groups.
Criticised for stating that global relationships are one way. Actions in less economic developed countries can have major effects on the economies of western nations
Transformalists
Transformalists occupy the middle ground
They agree the impact of globalisation has been exaggerated but also acknowledge that completely disregarding the theory can also be seen as foolish
Globalisation should be understood as a complex set or relationship between countries.
These arguments make the mistake of suggesting that the flow of culture is one way only
It underestimates the strength of local culture
Robertson (1992) argues that local cultures aren't removed but integrated with western culture.
I also see the global media as beneficial as it is responsible for diffusing cultures and the increase in shared values.
Transformalists see globalization as a positive.
This is also evidence that global communication systems and social networks can actually assist local cultures to rid themselves of repressive political systems such as dictatorships.
It is claimed by kassim(2012) that the so called arab spring movement that occurred between 2010 and 20123 succeeded in removing totalitarian dictatorships.
Globalisation assists local cultures and smaller countries
Giddens and Beck believe that globalisation has forced people in western nations to reflect on what is happening in world events.