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Unit 4: Skeletal System Lauren Palla, Period 6, No joint cavity, Most are…
Unit 4: Skeletal System Lauren Palla, Period 6
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Bone Fracture Repair
Treatment involved reduction, the realignment of broken bone ends
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Bone Disorders
Osteoporosis
Causes: insufficient exercise to stress bone, diet poor in calcium/protein, smoking, genetics, hormone-related conditions, consumption of alcohol
Results: matrix remains normal, but bone mass declines (vertebrae and hips become more prone to fractures)
Treatment: calcium, vitamin D supplements, hormone replacement therapy, biphosphonates, denosumab
Paget's Disease
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Results: poorly developed bones (spine, femur, pelvis, skull)
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Osteomalcia & Rickets
Causes: poorly mineralized bones, vitamin D deficiency, insufficient dietary calcium
Results: soft, weak bones (painful), bowed legs, other bone deformities because bones are enlarged
Types of Bones
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Flat bones- thin, flat, slightly curved bones (ex. sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones)
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Irregular Bones- complicated, irregular shaped bones (ex. vertebrae and hip bones)
Anatomy of Long Bone - consists of shaft, bone ends, and membrane
Epiphyses - ends of long bone that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone eternally; is usually covered in articular cartilage
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Diaphyses - tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone; consists of compact bone surrounding central medullary cavity that is filled with yellow marrow in adults.
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Bone Remodeling - consists of both bone deposit and resorption; occurs @ surface of periosteum and endosteum
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- Most are synarthroses (immovable)
- Amphiarthroses (slightly movable)
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- All are diarthrotic (freely movable)
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- Angle of pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees
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- Angle of pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
- Hip bones are narrower and less flared