Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Unit 3: American Revolution and Early Republic - Coggle Diagram
Unit 3: American Revolution and Early Republic
American Revolution:
revolted against British for tooo heavy taxes with no representation
George Washington led American army
British offered slaves freedom if they fought as a loyalist
500,000 loyalists
1763
Women:
held the country together while men were off fighting
could run businesses if mn were at war, perviously couldnt
republican motherhood derived
women have to tach their sons how to be good american citizens, therefore women need education to do so, granted women access to previously restricted educattion
rights did not change after war aside from republican motherhood
women couldn't:
own property
sign any legal document
testify in court
Needed permission to gain an education from father/husband (pre: republican motherhood)
America won its freedom from the British
causes:
colonists felt that they were being taxed too heavily by the British without any representation in British parliament "no taxation without representation"
coercive acts
Parliament, Colonists
Series of acts that unneces strain on colonists, like quartering act, admin of justice act, etc.
Colonies
1774
To punish colonies especially Boston after Tea Party, confirms fears that GB wants to destroy American Liberty
stamp act
Parliament, Sons of Liberty, Colonists
Taxes stamped, legal documents
Colonies, GB, Boston
1765
To raise revenue + pay off debt accumulated for F+I war, Americans use non-importation to hurt Britain, act repealed in 1776 along w/ passing of Declaratory act, tensions, taxation without representation
proclamation line of 1763
"do not cross line" for american colonists set up by British gov as way to stop wars w NAI as result of Pontiacs rebellion
pontiacs rebellion
Pontiac, Gen. Thomas Gage
Ottwa Chief, Pontiac, led an uprising in the wake of the French + Indian War to oppose British expansion into W. Ohio Valley. Led to the Proclamation of 1763. Fort Pitt: use of smallpox blankets against NAI forces
Great Lakes Region, Michigan
1763
Showcases the difference in NAI relations b/w English vs French. Loss of agency. Demonstrated visibility of NAI alliances in struggle against European expansion & contributed to deteriorating relations b/w GB + colonies. Leads to formation of vigilante groups (Paxton Boys)
British Mercantilism
colonies exported raw material to Britain, then bought back finished products from Britain that were manufactured using OG raw materials
colonies paid more for goods than they made from selling raw material
colonies could only trade with Britain but Britain could buy/trade with anyone
colonies got short end of the stick, pissed them off
loyalists: upper middle class, educated elites, social class dependent on crown
revolutionaries: poor famers, working class, lower middle
declaration of independence
letter to Britain stating our intent to become a independent nation
influenced by enlightenment ideas: "unalienable rights...Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness"
France and England
French & Indian War
British, British Colonists, French, NAI
Vicious conflict over the Ohio RIver Valley between the British and the French. Both sides had NAI allies. Resulted in loss of all French power in North America
1754-1763
Ohio River Valley, border between French and British colonies
Signaled end of French power. NAI lost ability to play Europeans off of each other, resulted in some colonial unity/nationality. Set the stage for the American Revolution because of effects, debt, troops remain, etc.
never get along
French controlled north, Canada, British controlled east, American colonies
run into eachother when both want to expand
Post American Revolution:
Articles of Confederation:
first gov after revolution
deliberately weak government, PTSD from British monarchy
1777-1789
effective:
states have the power
equal rights to all colonies
abolished slavery in new states, affectively free North now
creates national govt
america can sign treaties, trade w/ NAI, & send/ receive ambassadors
northwest ordinance of 1787
Congress
Legislation outlining gov't in NW territory including how to enter union, outlawing slavery
NW territory (Ohio)
1787
One key success of Articles, gave equal standing to new states
not effective:
central govt (White House) doesn't have power
no decisiones were made
cant tax citizens
cant raise military
congress cant enforce laws
9 states to enact laws, all 13 to amend
no way to settle disputes
Shay's rebellion was wake up call they weren't working
shay's rebellion
Daniel Shays, indebted farmers
Armed march too courthouse attempting to shut the debtors prison. Banks were repossessing their farms/property.
Massachusetts
1787
Country in depression because of inflation induced by over printing of money. Rebellion put down by privately hired guards. Showed the inability of the government formed by the Articles of Confederation to deal with crises.
Constitution:
Articles weren't working, founding fathers knew new gov was needed
Philadelphia constitutional convention of 1787
Illegal to eradicate the Articles of Confederation becuase not all 3 states had/would agree to get rid of them
founding fathers couldn't get the 55 delagetes (representatives sent by each state) to agree
north and south butting heads over slavery
constitutional compromises
Virginia Plan
Drafted by james madison
Called for a bicameral (2 houses, lower house upper house) congress, both based on population
3 branches
Citizens would elect lower house, lower house appoints upper house
Congress chooses executive (president)
Good for big states not small states
New Jersey Plan
Drafted by William Patterson
Called for unicameral (one house) congress w/ equal representation
Advantage for small states
3 branches
Congress would chose executive
The Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan)
Robert Sherman
Combines Virginia and new Jersey plans to what we have today
1 house based on population to help large states, 1 house based on equal representation to help small states
what we have today
3/5 compromise
Many founders agreed slavery violated ideas of liberty
They ended up putin more emphasis on unity of the new United States + sanctity of private property rather than social justice
Northern delegates are pushing to make population based on free population
Southern delegates kept threatening to walk out
Southern perspective: a slaves labor, just like that of a free person, contributes to national wealth and strength
Therefore each slave is worth ⅗ of a free person
Goes back to 1783, congress under the articles was trying to find a formula for how much money each state should contribute to the common treasury
Slave states to count slaves at ½ of free person, north states say ⅔
Congress splits the diff, = ⅗
Goes into effect in 1787
Set up of Document
preamble
statement of purpose
articles
Legislative branch
Executive branch
Judicial branch
4: relations among the states
Amendment process
Federal power
Ratification