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PHILOSOPHERS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHICAL DEFINITION OF SELF - Coggle Diagram
PHILOSOPHERS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHICAL DEFINITION OF SELF
SOCRATES
The unexamined life is not worth living.
According to him, in order to protect human being from the shallowness of their lives, one must examine his/her life for this is the duty of life bound to develop self-knowledge and a self that is dignified with values and integrity.
He then explained that living a good life means having the wisdom to distinguish what is right from wrong
Since Socrates believed that every human is composed of body and soul,
RENE DESCARTES
deviated the theocentric philosophies on the years before him.
His quest for discovering the self was started by his methodic doubt.
The Meditation of First Philosophy
His famous “cogito ergo sum” which is translated into “I think therefore, I am” or “I doubt therefore I exist”
ST. AUGUSTINE
In relation to his life, he was not afraid to accept himself despite of his unpleasant past.
his wasted self was then realized in his conversion to the faith.
St. Augustine proposes that man’s end goal is happiness.
He also agreed the ancient view of Plato that man is bifurcated nature.
PLATO
Plato’s proposed philosophy about the self was designed by starting on the examination of the self as a unique experience.
In his philosophy, the experience then will eventually better understand the core of the self which he called the “Psyche”.
the psyche is composed of three elements; the appetitive, spirited, and the mind. The desires, pleasures, physical satisfactions, comforts, and etc.
rationally controlling both the appetitive and spirited elements of the psyche.
JOHN LOCKE
According to him, the self is comparable to an empty space.
The important requirement in order to have a sense of data is the experience.
Our everyday experiences contributes the pile of knowledge that is put on that empty space.
This experience then through the process of reflection and analysis becomes a sense perception.
This will form a more complex idea which then become keys to understand complex realities about the self and the world.
DAVID HUME
there cannot be a persisting idea of the Self.
While he agreed the thought that all ideas are derived from impressions, problematically, it follows that the idea of the self is also derived from impressions.
Hume believes that impressions are also subjective, temporary, provisional, prejudicial, and even
Hume asserted that as long as we only derive our knowledge from sense of impressions, there will be no “self”.
For Hume, all we know about our self are just bundles of temporary impressions,
EMMANUEL KANT
Kant has his different view about the self.
He thinks that the things that men perceive around them are just randomly infused into the human person
There is necessarily a mind that organizes the impressions that men get from the external world.
Kant believes that self is not just what gives one his personality.
SIGMUND FREUD
He regarded the self as the “I” that ordinarily constitute both mental and physical actions.
The solution of Sigmund Freud in this predicament is to divide the “I” into conscious and the unconscious
The solution of Sigmund Freud in this predicament is to divide the “I” into conscious and the unconscious
The solution of Sigmund Freud in this predicament is to divide the “I” into conscious and the unconscious
order to illustrate the understanding about this matter,
GILBERT RYLE
Concept of the Mind
started as the stern critique of Descartes’ dualism of the mind and body
“ghost in the machine”.
Ryle finds the philosophy of Descartes totally absurd
we will be only able to understand the self based from the external manifestations
All the manifestations of the physical activities or behavior ate the dispositions off the self
MEELEAU-PONTY
Phenomenology of Perception of Maurice Merleau-Ponty
empiricist take on perception
idealist-intellectual alternatives
synthesis of both positions