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Hypertension - Coggle Diagram
Hypertension
Causes of secondary hypertension
Cushing's Sx
Hypothyroidism
Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma
Hyperthyroidism
Drug or alcohol induced
Aortic Coarctation
Obstructive sleep apnea
Primary parathyroidism
Primary Aldosteronism
Congenital adrenal dysplasia
Renovascular disease
Mineralocorticoid excess
Renal parenchyma disease
Acromegaly
Ang II Role
Abnormal vasoconstriction
Activate SNS
↑ Aldosteron
↑ADH
↑ Endothelin
Myocyte growth
↑ Collagen
↑ Superoxide
↑ Platelet aggregation
↑ PAI-1/Thrombosis
Blood pressure measurement
Document the readings
Average the readings
Take the measurements
Use a proper technique
Prepare the pacient
Provide BP readings to the pacient
Causes
Na+ intake
Potassium
Obesity
Physical fitness
Genetics
Alcohol
Classification
Elevated
120-129/<80
1° Hypertension
130-139/80-89
Normal
<120/<80
2° Hypertension
140/>90
Complications
Kidney
Glomerularsclerosis
Kidney disease
Ischemic Kidney Disease
Eyes
Retinopathy
Retinal hemorrhages
Impaired vision
Vitreous hemorrhage
Extraoccular muscle paralysis
Stages
II
AV Nicking
III
Cotton wool spots
Exudats
Hemorrhages
I
Arteriolar narrowing
IV
Papilledema
Heart
Ventricular hypertrophy
Arrhithmias
Coronary Artery Disease
AMI
Arterial aneurysm
Hypertension crisis
Urgencies
No progressive dysfunction
Accelerated hypertension
Emergencies
Progressive
Malignant hypertension
Types of hypertension
Primary
95%
Not clear cause
Secondary
5%
Derived from other primary causes
Prehypertension
Category
Individuals at risk of developing hypertension
Risk of CVD
Other factors
Modifiable
Hypercolesterolemia
Obesity
DM
Low fitness
Smoking
Unhealthy diet
Relatively fixed
Increased age
Low socioeconomic status
Family history
Male
CKD
Obstructive sleep apnea
Psychosocial stress