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Ecology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Ladybird feeds on a greenfly, lyxe eating hare, lions eating zebras
  - - - Lamprey and larger fish, viruses and cells, T. saginata and humans, fleas and dogs
  - - - Predators eating the same prey, plants competing for water or light
  - - - Oxpeckers and rhinos or zebras, and bees pollinating flowers
  - - - Bacteria in the human gut, lichens association between algae and fungi
  - - - Remora fish on the back of sharks
- - - - Producer
        
        Produces its own food
        
        Mode of nutrition: autotrophs, which means self feeding
      - Consumer
        
        Feeds on others
        
        Mode of nutrition: heterotrophs
        
        Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, 5th and 6th
    - - Why it is limited? Energy loss
        
        Heat loss
        
        Heat is a by-product of respiration
        
        Not all the organism is eaten and some is left to decay
        
        Not all parts of the organism can be digested
        
        Like nails, hair, cellulose, bones
        
        Some organisms die before being eaten
      - Eventually, you run out of organic compounds
  - - - Pyramid of biomass
        
        It shows the amount of energy of each kind of organism in the food chain
- - - - Exponential growth, which is not realistic as there are limiting factors
    - - More realistic, with 4 phases , sigmoid
      - Lag phase: the cells divide very slow as there are adapting to the new environment
      - Exponential phase: rapid growth, BR>DR
      - Stationary phase: due to limiting factors, there is competition for resources or intoxication for some substance, BR=DR
        
        There is a carrying capacity, which indicates the max. number of individuals of a population that the environment can support, also called K
      - Death phase: there is not enough food, competition, toxic materials accumulated, DR>BR
    - - Density dependent
        
        Factors which have varying impacts according to population size
        
        Water, food, shelter, space, sunlight, predation
      - Density independent
        
        Factors which are not influenced by a species population size
        
        Natural disasters, human intervention, weather
  - - - The max numbers for the predator are lower than the max numbers of the prey
        
        The predator depends on the prey so it needs more time to respond to the changes in population size
- - - - Cell
        
        Tissue
        
        Organism
        
        Population
        
        Community
        
        Ecosystem
        
        2 more items...
        
        Different populations of different species living in the same area
        
        A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area
        
        Smallest unit of functional life