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Gero Older Adult, Less sleep can cause older adults at risk for many other…

- - - - Cancer of the Endometrium and Ovaries have increased incidence with age and cancer of the ovaries is the leading death when it comes to gynecologic cancers.
      - Erectile dysfunction is not a normal part of aging for older adults but this affects half of men around 70 years and older.
- - - - PATHOLOGIES
        
        Hypertension -prevalence increases with age and can present with impaired memory, confusion, and dull headache. Wide range of treatment available.
        
        Heart Failure- Heart loses ability to pump adequate blood for the demand of the body. Left sided failure causes pulmonary problems and crackles where right sided causes peripheral edema and weight gain among other things.
        
        Pulmonary Emboli- A clot that moves to lung and risks include fractures, CHF, and immobilization which can happen frequently in older adults. S+S include SOB, temperature elevation, and higher sedimentation rate.
        
        Arterial Vascular Disease- Causes smooth shiny skin and thickened nails. Also the pulse will be decreased or absent and causes ulcers in circular shape that can cause many additional problems for the older adult.
- - - - Cataracts- a clouding on the lens which leads to loss of transparency. This is one of the main causes of low vision in older adults.
      - Glaucoma-caused from damage to optic nerve from abnormally higher intraocular pressure. There is closes/narrowed angle glaucoma and chronic or open angle which is most common form.
      - Hearing deficits- can be caused by vascular disorders or viral infections and can lead to the older adult needing hearing aids.
- - - - This leads to dyspnea with exertion and decreased exercise tolerance.
        
        PATHOLOGIES
        
        Asthma-Intermittent disease that has reversible airflow and obstruction caused by a multitude of stimulants.In older adults with asthma you want to ensure proper aerosol nebulizer use and administer and bronchodilators prescribed.
        
        Chronic Bronchitis- This pathology is chronic sputum and cough production for at least 3 months and results in chronic hypoxia. For this you want to have lowest FiO2 possible to prevent CO2 retention. Patient would present as "Blue Bloater" or general cyanosis.
        
        Emphysema - Reduced gas exchange surface area which causes more air trapping and lowered capillary network. Patient would present with barrel chest and as "pink puffer" and wheezing.
        
        Lung Cancer- leading cause of cancer-related death and is at increased incidence in older adults. Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, wheezing, and dyspnea. Treatment varies.
- - - - Diabetes Mellitus - Type 1- The older adult does not produce insulin and most times is diagnosed earlier. Type 2 diabetes is when the patient does not respond to insulin as well as they used and sometimes leads to not making enough insulin. This can be diagnosed by blood glucose levels and A1C levels. Diabetes is managed with insulin and proficient lifestyle.
      - Hypothyroidism- low levels of thyroid hormone diagnosed with low T3, Also there is primary and secondary hypothyroidism meaning this pathology is caused by something else.
- - - - This leads to lower temperature sensitivity and changed or absent fever response.
- - - - Can create risk of aspiration and indigestion
    - - This can cause older adults not to eat as much and easily lead to malnutrition
    - - Makes it harder to swallow